Akeelah and the Bee Essay -- Film Review

Akeelah Anderson, an eleven year old African American student from the Crenshaw neighborhood of South Los Angeles, struggles to overcome the limitations of her environment in tack to succeed in a national spell out bee competition. As our group discussed the film Akeelah and the Bee we first wanted to look at the themes the film presents. We originally thought of the more oblivious ones much(prenominal) as how race and socioeconomic class play apart in the film. We also started to notice that the film presented an idealized attend of how one individual can transform a community. We came to am agreement that the film gives clear representations of both the traditional and progressive forms of education, but neglects to do anything to get across the socioeconomic issues that critical theorists focus on. The film opens with the returning of spelling tests in an under-privileged, and traditional school. The first sign of a traditional based school is the federal agency the clas srooms are designed and set up, with all of the desks facing the front toward the teachers desk and chalk board. The movie begins with the teacher handing out spelling test scores, and everyone except Akeelahs spelling test is under the satisfactory mark. The teacher gave the students words to memorize and recite back on the test later that week, and focuses on basic rote memorisation where all of the students are tested on the same level, which is common in a traditional school. The movie shows how the traditional classroom setting is flawed, and seems to be at a standstill not allowing for growth or a true learning experience. As states in School and Society This concern is not hypothetical. umteen of the specific tests being used to generate speeches and articles about the ... ...to make a predominantly white, coffee-drinking consumer group feel less bad about school children in the ghetto. The film is a good example of how powerful progressive education can be with glimpses o f traditional classroom, but fails to understand the Although this type of environment threatens her powerfulness to be a very smart and gifted student, a few people in her life realize her potential. Akeelah gets this opportunity because the district gets involved with Crenshaw, Akeelahs school, because their test scores are so low, and will not receive the full funding it needs in order to provide simple supplies to their students such as book and bathroom stalls The district is breathing down my back, the test scores are low again. (Akeelah and the Bee), and the principle thinks that if a student does swell up at the national bee then it will get more attention.

The Lord of the Flies - Savagery Essay -- English Literature Essays

The Lord of the Flies - SavageryWilliam Goldings novel The Lord of The flies presents us with a group of incline boys who are isolated on a desert island, left to try and retain a civilised rescript. In this novel Golding manages to display the boys slow blood into savagery as democracy on the island diminishes. At the opening of the novel, Ralph and Jack get on extremely well. We are informed Jack, shared his burden, and there was an, ultraviolet light of friendship, between the two boys. Jack changes considerably through verboten this novel. At first he tells us, I agree with Ralph weve got to have rules and obey them, This shows us that at the beginning of the novel, just like Ralph, he wants to uphold a civilised society. We are also notified, Most powerfully there was the conch. As the conch represents democracy we smoke look into that at the beginning of the novel the boys sustain a powerful democratic society. This democratic society does not last very long as the childr en (especially Jack) have a lack of respect for the conch and the rules. We bath see this when Jack decides, We dont need the conch anymore, we know who should say things. As the conch represents democracy we can see that civilisation on the island is braking up and savagery is starting to take over. We can also see a brake up in society when Jack says, Bollocks to the rules Here we can see that Jack contradicts himself while managing to diminish the assembly and the power of the conch. Golding has made the two boys act similar at the beginning of the novel to show us how normal they are. This demonstrates Goldings view that absolutely anyone can be over ruled by power and bend savage (like Jack) when civilisation collapses. After this incident we can see continual conflict between Ralph and Jack. We can see this when Jack proclaims that Ralph, Isnt a neat chief. Golding is trying to show us that this conflict is very similar to the conflict between humanities inner barbarism and the living influence of reason. We can see other evidence of this conflict within ourselves, with the masks that Jack and his hunters put on. We are informed that Jack, rubbed the charcoal stick between the patches of red and white on his grammatical case The mask represents the dark line (charcoal) between good (white) and evil (red) within ourselves. These masks also let the boys hide f... ...s when Ralph points out, Theres going to be a storm. This slowly builds us up to Simons death. We Can see that even Ralph and Piggy have a savage side as they, found themselves dying(predicate) to take place in this demented but partly safe society. This demonstrates Goldings view that everyone has a savage side to them. At Simons murder the boys, Leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit and tore. This clearly shows us that the boys are completely barbaric and have no self-conciseness. The reason why Golding did not inform us straight away(p) that Simon was the beast was because he wanted us to try and see things from the boys perspective. As Simon was trying to tell the boys that the beast did not exist, his death symbolises that mankind cant face the truth about their inner desires. Part of Goldings intent was to demonstrate that the evil is not recognised in specific populations or situations. On the island the beast is manifest in the deadly tribal dances, war paint and manhunt in the outside world the same lust for power and control plays out as a nuclear war. Throughout The Lord of the Flies Golding has managed to show that evil is present in everyone.

The Urban Legend of Tommy Hilfiger :: essays research papers fc

The Truth about the Rumor of Tommy HilfigerA big controversy happened, the well-known Fashion Designer Tommy Hilfiger was on the Oprah show. She asked him if it was lawful if he said he did not make clothes for Blacks and Asians, his clothes were intended for upper class White muckle. When he admitted he said those things, she asked him to leave. This email is an Urban Legend. Juicy Emails like these atomic number 18 simply for entertainment purposes only and should not be taken seriously. Like junk mail it should be emptied into the cycle bin. hatful assume if an E-mail is sent to them or if a friend mentioned the incident then it must be true. How could someone write something so imagine and cruel and spread it through emails? Thomas Craughwell explains that fear, paranoia, envy and suspicion of unfamiliar are reasons why urban legends such as Tommy Hilfiger are passed around (Craughwell 10). spate read newspapers such as the Inquirer and read junk E-mails at work to make th e day go by. Richard Roeper describes people as todays information consumer, who are savvy, jaded and cynical (Roeper 10). Its no secret that people can be gullible when it comes to interesting news. Roper states that people are as willing as ever to believe stories that happened to best friends brothers accountant (Roper 11). People have gotten too lazy to look up information for themselves and look for quick fixes, instead of facts. The Tommy Hilfiger Rumor has all of the signs of the urban legend. As Defined by Craughwell urban legends are normally passed by word of mouth and by E-mail. Urban legends have many variations (Craughwell 9,13). David Emery from About.com has two of the most common variations of the E-mail in his article. Before thither were any rumors of him on the Oprah Show, It was a news article in a Philippian tabloid in 1996 as Barbara Mikkelson explains in her article.According to Barbara Mikkelson, the rumor was altered once again with him being on the CNN st yle show with Elsa Klensch . In this rumor he did not comment on black people. He commented about Asian people not looking right in the clothes (Barbara Mikkelson). Although the rumors are being shown to be not true, they are still being passed around to this day (David Emery). People who are in the know about rumors made inquiries to the Anti Defamation League.

Queen Elizabeth I Essay -- essays research papers fc

Elizabeth I      King Henry VIII wanted a son. He had been married for 17 long years and had only been given a daughter named Mary. Someday one of his children would rule England and it was supposed to be a boy. Henry decided he wanted a younger wife who could bear many children, so he formed his own church and re-married Anne Boleyn. This began the life of Elizabeth.      Elizabeth was born on Sunday, kinsfolk 7th 1533 at threesome o clock in the afterwardnoon. To the King, Anne seemed unable to have any more children. She became pregnant three more times after Elizabeth, only to lose the baby. When Elizabeth was three years old her mother was beheaded for treason and adultery. Henry had his marri geezerhood to Anne declared invalid, making Elizabeth illegitimate. His new wife, Jane Seymour finally gave him a son. His name was Edward. Jane died after childbirth and Henry married three more times and had no other children. Now that England had a Prince Elizabeth wasnt so important. She didnt live with her father at court, but instead she grew up at the palace of Hatfield, where she had her own governess, servants, and teachers. Elizabeths teachers were great university scholars. One of her teachers said that her mind had no charrly weakness and that her perseverance and memory were equal to that of a man. When Elizabeth was thirteen, Henry died and her nine year old brother, Edward became King. Edward who had never been strong or healthy died 6 years after becoming King. The throne was left to Elizabeths half sister, Princess Mary. Mary was married to Prince Philip of Spain. Mary was determined to restore Catholicism to England even if it took violence. many an(prenominal) of the Protestants wanted to get rid of Mary and have Elizabeth take over the throne. Mary found out about this and had Elizabeth locked up in the very newspaper column her mother had been in earlier she was killed. Elizabeth waited in fear fo r two months. She was finally released because Mary could find no evidence against her. Elizabeth was sent to a far outside palace, with only four decent rooms, where she was kept under house arrest. When some of Marys subjects stayed faithful to their Protestant faith she burned almost three hundred of them for heresy. This is where she got the nickname "Bloody Mary." On November 17, 1558, after ruling for five sh... ...er let it happen. She was strong. Elizabeth lived to a greater age than any English ruler before her. When Elizabeth was seventy, her health faded. She named Marys son James VI of Scotland as hersuccessor. On March 24, 1603, after 45 years of reigning, Elizabeth died peacefully in her sleep. And the age she lived in was called the Elizabethan age.     Elizabeth contributed so much to the people of her time and even to the people of today. Without Elizabeth we would have never been able to enjoy the work of William Shakespeare. She showed everyone that a woman could do "a mans job." pouf Elizabeths Golden Speech "Though you have had - and may have - many mightier and wiser princes sitting in this seat, yet you never had - nor shall have - any that will love you better." BIBLIOGRAPHYStanley, Diane and Vennema, Peter, Good Queen BessNY Macmillan Publishing Co., 1990Starkey, David, Elizabeth The Struggle for the ThroneNY HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 2000Thomas, Jane Resh, Behind the Mask The Life of Queen Elizabeth INY Clarion Books, 1998Weir, Allison, The Life of Elizabeth INY Ballantine Books, 1998

Native American Music Essay -- essays research papers

inhering American music has many different musical styles. Within every Native American tribe there is a manakin of musical styles and instruments. In response to the research that I have conducted, there are three main musical styles that are going to be my put of focus. The Sioux Grass Dance, the Zuni Lullaby, and the Iroquois Quiver Dance are the principal methods which contribute to Native American music. The Sioux Grass Dance is considered to be the most popular style of Native American Music. As one dances to this music, they follow a pattern known as toe-heel. This consists of the individual placing the left foot in front of the right and tell with the other foot. Each male dancer makes many personal variations of this dance resulting in a so...

Native American Music Essay -- essays research papers

inherent American music has many different musical styles. Within every Native American tribe there is a variety of musical styles and instruments. In response to the research that I have conducted, there are three of import musical styles that are going to be my point of focus. The Sioux Grass dance, the Zuni Lullaby, and the Iroquois Quiver Dance are the principal methods which contribute to Native American music. The Sioux Grass Dance is considered to be the most popular style of Native American Music. As one dances to this music, they follow a pattern known as toe-heel. This consists of the individual placing the left over(p) foot in front of the right and repeating with the other foot. Each male dancer makes many personal variations of this dance resulting in a so...

Menard’s Yard

The assignment that I was given is about ethnographic observations. The division that I chose was the Outside Yard team members at Innards. I work thither In the receiving subdivision. I am an inside guy so I b atomic number 18ly go outside to help guests, but when I do, I see that the workers outside act much differently than anyone else in the store. I intend that the Mermans Outside Yard Receivers are crazy and unusual because they act differently than anybody else in the store, get around different clothes, and feel like they get down their own de theatrical rolement but they are really part of Receiving.First of all, the Outside Yard Receivers wear deferent clothing. They can wear anything that Is from Innards. The Inside people can only wear a certain kind of clothing that they get for their departments. They are also the only ones who can wear hats. Innards does non allow anyone else to wear hats. Also, they do non do anything that the inside Receivers do. They actu ally have a lot harder job to do outside. I would not want to be outside. It is hot in summer and freezing in winter inside there Is air conditioning so I like that, but they still like creation outside.Most of he things they do is slide lumber, or cut It, or anything with lumber. It Is tiring to do this every day. I have slid lumber before. It is no fun, but when I ask them if they like it out there, they say they love it. I am still wondering and not understanding why they like it out there so much. A lot of them use pretty basic English. They swear all the time. All of them are not educated yet or they are in college like me. The ones who have finished school are usually the managers.Some older guys Just did not ever finish school so they are stuck there working their butts off for little pay, but for he younger people, It Is a really good Job and I would recommend It to anyone. There is beneficial so much experience that someone can get and I know that if I ever went looking for another Job I would have a better chance than someone who was working in a fast food place or something. Next, I think they are distressed sometimes, pretty often actually. They really get into their Jobs. desire they try to do everything as fast as they can. That is good though, but sometimes Its just too much. They find a huge mess In the warehouse and It Is sometimes hard for guests to move around or get anything because everything Is In he way, but at the end of the day they always manage to make the warehouse look perfectly clean and organized and everyone is happy. There is this guy who comes few times a week his name is Bob. He drives a truck. He picks stuff up from Innards and delivers Otto guests so he is like a delivery man.I am not sure if he Just works for this Innards or Just overall for all the Innards around the state or country, but every time he Is there, there are always these funny conversations that they have with the Outside Yard Receivers. Nick, one of th e workers outside, is really loud when it comes to working with Bob. Nick Hey Bob, persistent time no see Bob Shut the hell up and help me get this table off the truck. Nick Im busy Get someone else to help you. Bob Busy my ass. Lets go Nick Youre not my boss This is really how every meeting with him is, usually a lot more curse and yelling, but they Just Joke around. Everyone is really nice there. They Just swear, yell, and argue for fun really. I Just do not understand some workers. Like they are over their heads driving recklessly on the forklifts, throwing things. Some should have been fired a long time ago and I do not get why they are still there. They maybe do a good Job out there, but they are Just crazy and what are the guests going to think of them?It is actually somehow pretty hard to get fired there. In conclusion, I believe that the Mermans Outside Yard Receivers are strange and unusual because they act differently than everybody else in the store, wear different clothes, and feel like they have their own department but they are really part of Receiving. I think that they are good workers and will help guests in any way possible, so I recommend Innards as your picking of store for buying products for your projects that one could be working on.

How far was Lloyd Georges fall from grace in 1922 the result of his own mistakes after 1918? Essay

A general election held in 1918 gave Lloyd George and the worldly-minded coalition a very(prenominal) comfortable majority in parliament, barely it also left Lloyd George in an untenable position. The coalition consisted overwhelmingly of Conservatives, meaning that Lloyd Georges hold on index was extremely weak. He could not do many of the things he would have liked to do in a purely Liberal government, simply because he did not have the support of the Conservatives. afterward the war, Lloyd George faced some very serious domestic problems. Firstly was the issue of the German reparations and punishments. There was a unwavering feeling in Britain that Germany was fully responsible for the war, and therefore should be punished severely. Lloyd George did not subscribe to this opinion. He entangle that Germany should be punished, but not to the egresscome that it ceased to exist. He came to the conclusion that if Germany was effectively destroyed by war payments, it would leave a large power vacuum in the centre of Europe. Lloyd George was worried that this to-do would be filled by the Communist ideals of the Bolsheviks.Along with this, the post-war depression that was consuming Britain resulted in a loss of popularity for Lloyd George. The new markets Britain were relying after the war had not materialized, and some(prenominal) of Britains old markets had found cheaper suppliers. This resulted in a large scale closing of many industries. The failure of both France and Russia to pay back their war loans meant that Britain in turn was not able to pay back the loans borrowed from America. This in turn resulted in a dramatic increase in unemployment, going far beyond the intractable million.In both of these situations, the Conservatives in the coalition were more than happy to sit back and let Lloyd George take the blame for these domestic problems. They began to see his dwindling popularity and made no effort to halt it. The Conservatives were more than a ware that they had a large enough amount of MPs to have an boilers suit majority in parliament, so for the time being they were content to sit back and allow Lloyd George to try and work Britain out of its economical mess.After the war, the vast gap in Liberal and Conservative policy became overwhelmingly apparent. The pressing issue of the continuing nationalisation of the coal mines caused many problems for Lloyd George. As a liberal, George was in favour of public ownership of the mines. Knowing that it would be impossible to convince the Conservatives to carry on with the nationalisation, he ordered an independent commission into the matter. He told the trade unions that he would abide by whatever was decided by the commission.Lloyd George assumed he had averted the matter by appointing a top judge, Mr. Justice Sankey. Lloyd George felt that Sankey was bound to want privatisation of the mines. When Sankey found in favour of continuing nationalisation, Lloyd George was in a comp romising situation. He had already promised to carry out whatever Mr. Sankey decided, but he did not want to upset the Conservative majority. In the end, Lloyd George decided to do nothing. This greatly upset the trade unions, and resulted in a lasting suspiciousness in him.The Chanak incident resulted in a similar situation for Lloyd George. Firstly, it widened the chasm between the two factions of the coalition further, with Lloyd George supporting the Greeks, and the Conservatives continuing their support of Turkey. More primary(prenominal)ly, the Conservatives were worried with Lloyd George place Britain at military risk so soon after WWII. This is the clearest sign of Conservative disillusionment with continuing the coalition.Lloyd George was also plagued by external factors he had no control over. An example of this is the change in leadership of the Conservative party. Bonar Law was an extremely influential figure within his party. He was good at persuading muckle to his point of view. His successor Austen Chamberlain lacked the finesse of Bonar Law. He spoke to his party about continuing the coalition only days after two coalition Conservative MPs had been defeated in by elections. This meant that at the time the Conservatives had very little patient with the coalition.The growing disenchantment with Lloyd George was only elevated by his movement of government. During the war, George formed a small war cabinet that had the power to make changes in any area of the government. After the war, this continued. Rather than consulting his cabinet on important matters, he preferred to consult a small group of advisors. This obviously upset the Conservative cabinet, as their influence over Lloyd George was falling.Another source of discontent from the Conservatives toward Lloyd George was the so called honor scandal. After his split from Asquith and the original Liberal party, Lloyd Georges liberals needed a secure source of funding. To aid this, he allow ed honours to be sold to wealthy people for a great deal of money. This was certainly not the first example of this occurrent, but it was the first example of it happening on such a wide scale. To further contribute to the problem, several less than savoury business bought themselves titles. The press caught hold of these affairs and made it usually known, much to the Conservatives dismay.Examples like these show clearly that Lloyd George contributed significantly to his own downfall, but its likely that the Conservative decline in support played a larger part in his fall from grace. While Lloyd George was popular with the public, he was an electoral asset, but as his popularity among the electorate decreased, so did his support from the Conservatives. Backbench Conservative MPs were especially upset with continuing the coalition as it meant they had less promotion opportunities as a number of cabinet places had to be filled by Liberal MPs. all the same if Lloyd Georges popularity among the electorate had remained high, it is hard to imagine the Conservatives wanting to continue the coalition past 1922. The 1918 election had given the Conservatives the confidence they needed after having several years out of power. They realised they would have had a majority in Parliament without the Liberals in the coalition. While it is impossible to ignore Lloyd Georges shortcoming as Prime Minster in peace time, it is clear that Conservative disillusionment was the main cause of his downfall.Bibliographyhttp//www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.ukhttp//www.llgc.org.ukDavid Lloyd George A Biography Peter Rowland

Christmas Vacation a Boon

Christmas It is pleasing to hear when we know that its near. Specially to those students like me because we knew that its going be a long time of rest in our studies and we can do other(a) topics that we cant during school days and also to the kids and small children because the first thing that comes to their mind when they hear Christmas ar gifts and new toys.It is not new to us Filipinos already the yearly preparation and celebration of this very special day for Christians because it is already in our tradition and culture as Filipino. This is one of the traditions inherited to us by our ancestors that until now we still give significance.Every Christmas, one of the traditions of our friend Christians is they wangle a lot of food for their visitors, friends and family, giving of gifts and of course having a fireworks display to show their joy. That is why many heap consider Christmas as the time for joy, overlap and love. I would like to argue and to prove that the two-week Christmas holiday really is a boon or shall we say a blessings to us Filipinos because of these following reasons1. Since majority of people here in our country are Christians, and Christian people always take Christmas as a blessing to them because it is when Christ was born and save them from their sins, they were open and have an enough time to rejoice and give thanks and express gratitude to their savior. According to the Pew Research Center, the 2000 Philippine census found that 5.1% of the population is Muslim. epoch the majority of the population are Roman Catholic, some ethnic groups are Protestant, non-religious, Buddhist, Animist and Hindus.2. Christmas vacation also gives us time to be reunited with our love ones. It is untold pleased to celebrate Christmas with our friends, relatives and especially our family. As we observe, there are so many people travelling during Christmas season compared to other seasons of the year. Bus terminal, airports, pier and other transp ortation establishments are overcrowded with people. And these people have the same destination, to go back home to spend their Christmas vacation with their family and friends.3. Employees receives bonus from their employment. Christmas bonus is a benefit that is not government mandated, but is usually given to employees. This is given in December, on top of the 13th month pay. This is considered as the companys Christmas gift to their employees.4. miniature and big establishments are tend to have a higher rate of income during Yuletide season, especially when Christmas Eve is approaching. The rate of demand of goods is higher and also prices of goods are getting higher and higher as Christmas day becomes nearer and nearer. As we all know, according to the law of demand, when the rate of demand is high, the prices also become high and consecutively income also gets higher.5. There is also an increase of rate of tourist in our country and that means more jobs to our people. As we notice during Christmas, we can see a lot of foreigners compared to ordinary days of the year. It is because many foreigners prefer to spend Christmas here in our country because of our nature and our tourist destinations. These tourists can be an investor here in our country and it only means that more jobs will be accessible.6. People can have an another source of income during these days. People can sell products that are in demand all through this season such as fireworks and food that we usually prepare like ham keso de bola. We can see end-to-end this season a lot of vendor selling products that are we usually use and prepare for Christmas. Based on my arguments I strongly believe that the two-week Christmas vacation really is a boon to Filipinos like me.

Proposed Vibration Monitoring And Analysis Engineering Essay

vibe is a broad capable country that has continued to pull research over the grey ages because of its import in ab by every aspect of daily life. From aircraft patterning to constructing design in temblor prone separate of the universe from addition side monitor in assorted industrial castss to wheel reconciliation and alliance at the local auto garage, an application of the cognition of oscillation rules target be observed.The fleet of an object can merely be referred to as the oscillating motion of that object ab break a average equilibrium place. The gesture is brought approximately by the application of roughly force or incitement. Common illustrations of this phenomenon include the gesture of plucked guitar strings, the gesture of tuning forks, and the shaking felt at the station point when a train can on ballss, the agitating observed on the r issuee when a heavy truck base on ballss or the rale of the route workers continue spear. Some get nevertheless is non every go pronounced as the illustrations condition. For case houses and Bridgess vibrate every bit good. Normally, these boots can non be detected by simply looking. When the excitement is big luck, the vibrational gesture can be seen and this would likely ensue in the prostration of the kink.From the foregoing, it can be seen that some totter is utile while some is destructive. The slander or dewatercrafttation brought about by quiver is non an immediate 1. Vibration finally leads to a fatigue failure and this should be of involvement to the operators and upholders of works equipment.For the c ar utilize scientist or plus direction practician, these facts about quiver can be translated to precocious and in tiered determinations for industrial workss. With legion different devices, quiver degrees on works equipment can be detected, measured and recorded. It is possible to analyze the informations collected to find the place of an plus and even predict an at hand failure. A ll revolving or stationary works equipment have pleasant quiver degrees stipulated by criterions such as the International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) Codes or developed in-house by Vibration monitor Engineers. A divergence from the acceptable quiver degrees is an indicant of the onrush of scathe which is unwanted. This cognition give aways insight into the existent stipulation of a piece of equipment, eliminates guessing and enables the c ar applied scientist to be after a adapted response to the plus s impairment. Such control and planning can take to a immense economy in precaution be, prevent unneeded vanquishtime, better safe and public presentation for whatsoever plus.Furthermore, quiver monitoring and epitome incorporates some advanced techniques for the find of the root cause of shop railcarry failures. Using these techniques can condition the difference between changeless dislocations and good plus handiness.It is the aim of this take on to suppl y a clear cut proposal as to how to work out the job of the stag failures of the Yoho High Pressure ( H.P. ) intrude scrub brush watchs by the application of these advanced quiver epitome techniques and also supply a mode for supervising the status of the warmness to pre-empt any impairment that can jump surprises. This will guarantee a decrease in present care costs and relieve the work load of care forces whose clip is tied up with the attention of these tendernesss.Case Study and job DescriptionThe Yoho H.P. blaze up scrubber affectionatenesss are perpendicular, turbine, submerge kernels that transfer cured liquids from the flare out scrubber vas to the chief petroleum oil production heading on the Yoho offshore oil and gun place. The pumps are submerged in barrels that receive provender from the H.P. scrubber vas by gravitation. The cured liquid is a mixture of H2O and timid petroleum oil. There are three pumps on skid and these pumps are critical to works ope rations. One pumps runs at a clip and an extra pump or the early(a) two pumps can be put in service, if the demand arise due to an increasing degree of liquid in the H.P. Flare scrubbing brush. In the event of an outage of all three pumps, the works could lose production to the melody of one hundred 1000 barrels of rough oil per xxiv hours ( 4100 barrels/hour ) .The pumps were commissioned in cc6 at works start-up and hold had legion failures since. They have proven undependable and soon a contractor s pumps ( which are portable and of a different design ) , are relied upon to execute their map. There have been occasions when all three pumps are in a province of disrepair.These pumps normally run swimmingly for a piece and so go noisy, vibrate and eventually lack. After a pump fails, it is taken out of the hole, sent to the shore-base for fix, sent back to the platform for reinstallation and so reinstalled. Probes of the legion failure instances reveal that the pump bearings, ri ser line drives and bushings have worn out given room for shaft drama, impeller harm and mechanical seal failure. Installation, fix and rebuild processs have been scrutinized and checked for quality. This has non yielded any dividends nevertheless, as the pumps maintain disuseing after two or three months in service.Fig. 1. overleaf shows a cut-away subdivision of the pumps. The diagram is supplied by the makers moreover is simplified as the existent H.P. Flare scrubbing brush pump has sestet impellers, a top column of 11inches duration, two intermediate columns of 30 inches length, a bottom column of 30 inches length, and a pump bowl assembly of 36.25 inches length.The length of the pumps makes it hard for remotion and put and as such care practicians, works operators and works direction have been invariably distressed by the frequent failure of these pumps.Fig. 1. Gould spirit Model VIC-T ( beginning ITT-Gould Product catalogue, online www.gouldspumps.com/pump_VIC.html Ac cessed sixth may 2010 wield SpecificationManufacturer ITT-GouldHead shaft Length 129 InchsHead shaft diam 1 Inch seal of approval Method mechanically skillful Sealing waxDrive 40 HP Electric MotorDifferential Pressure 200 Pounds per square inchCapacity 180 Gallons per MinuteRevolutions per minute 3000Impeller 5 Weathervanes, EnclosedFailure and Maintenance HistoryThe tabular array below shows the failures and some care activities performed on the three H.P. Flare scrub brush heart and souls over a biennial power point. The rows 69, 71, 72, 90,91,97,98,102,103 and 110 show times when none of the three pumps were operational. The cost of this inaccessibility of the pumps is multiplex. It ranges from the loss of production of about one hundred 1000 barrels of rough oil per twenty-four hours, to punishments for non-compliance with environmental ordinances and most significantly, safety.Signal-to-noise ratioDateEVENT/ACTIVITYEQUIPMENT TAGNO. OF PUMPS AVAILABLECOMMENTS/ FINDINGS111-J an-06HP Flare scrubbing brush eye B Auto Operation jobYP-G-1803A212-Jan-06Trouble-shooting of LSLL-6207 on HP Flare ScrubberYP-G-1803A31-Mar-06PM on HP Flare Scrubber centers A and BYP-G-180A/B3A411-Mar-06 marrows Operation StartedYP-G-180A/B /CAEarliest recorded day of the month of petroleum and produced H2O motion with YP installations55-Jun-06Test-run HP Flare Scrubber Pump C with quiver group, QIT to find cause of inordinate quiverYP-G-180C3Expecting consequence67-Jun-06Investigating cause of inordinate quiver on HP Flare Scrubber Pump CYP-G-180C3Vibration traced to damaged Mech. Sealing wax79-Jun-06 rack upd HP Flare Scrubber Pump C for fixsYP-G-180C2A89-Jun-06Unblocked strainers on HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A & A BYP-G-180A/B2A912-Jun-06Rectified hapless discharge and noisy operation on HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A & A BYP-G-180A/B2A1019-Jun-06PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pump AYP-G-180AAA113-Jul-06 correct induction of HP Flare Scrubber Pump CYP-G-180C3A124-Jul-06Removed HP Flare Scrubber Pump B for fixs in QITYP-G-180B2A1315-Jul-06Remove and blanched HP Flare Scrubber Pump C suction strainerYP-G-180C2A1412-Aug-06Remove and cloudless HP Flare Scrubber Pump C suction strainerYP-G-180C2A1524-Aug-06Remove and clean HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A & A C suction strainerYP-G-180A/C2A1627-Aug-06 cheat out HP Flare Scrubber Pump A and transferred to lading bayYP-G-180A1A1730-Aug-06Rigged in HP Flare Scrubber Pump B after QIT fixsYP-G-180B2A182-Sep-06Removed shaft matching on HP Flare Scrubber pump B, removed get and installed motor from pump antiophthalmic factorYP-G-180A/B2Electricians look intoing high electromotive force on motor193-Sep-06Transfer motor, pump and all associated parts from YP-G-180B to G-180AYP-G-180A/B1A204-Sep-06Installed pump caput, motor and shaft hub on HP Flare Scrubber Pump AYP-G-180A1A215-Sep-06Carried out matching runout cheques, impeller lift ( Reinstallation ) on pump AngstromYP-G-180A2A228-Sep-06PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pump CYP-G-180C 2A2311-Sep-06Remove and clean HP Flare Scrubber Pump C suction strainerYP-G-180C2A2429-Oct-06Bleed off gas from HP Flare Scrubber Pump C suction and discharge lineYP-G-180C2A2512-Nov-06Replacement of Mech. Seal on Pump CYP-G-180C1A2613-Nov-06Removed HP Flare Scrubber Pump C for fixs in QITYP-G-180C1A2728-Nov-06Reinstallation of Pump CYP-G-180C1A282-Dec-06Completed installing of HP Flare Scrubber Pump C and test-ran it.YP-G-180C2A2921-Dec-06PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A and CYP-G-180A/C2A306-Feb-07Commenced installing of pump BYP-G-180B2A317-Feb-07Continued installing of pump BYP-G-180B2Expecting Mech. Sealing wax3224-Apr-07Installation of Mech. Seal on Pump BYP-G-180B2A3325-Apr-07Completed Mech. Seal Installation of Pump BYP-G-180B3A3428-Apr-07Troubleshoot overload trip misunderstanding on Pump BYP-G-180B3A3530-Apr-07Rechecked alliance of banish BYP-G-180B3A361-May-07Rectified overload trip on Pump B- cleaned recess strainerYP-G-180B3Discharge line was filled with sand and sludg e3714-May-07Mech. Seal replacing on Pump CYP-G-180C2 incision worn around Mech Seal3815-May-07Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump C for fix at QITYP-G-180C2A3927-May-07Troubleshoot high quiver on Pump BYP-G-180B2A4030-May-07Removed HP Flare Scrubber Pump B for fixs in QITYP-G-180B1A411-Jun-07Assessed stuffs for stiff valves associated with pumpsYP-G-180A/B /C1A423-Jun-07Reinstallation of Pump CYP-G-180C1A436-Jun-07Completed Pump C InstallationYP-G-180C2A447-Jul-07Reinstallation of Pump BYP-G-180B2A4510-Jul-07Completed Pump B InstallationYP-G-180B3A4613-Jul-07Troubleshoot frequent tripping of Pump BYP-G-180B3Electric motor job. This was fixed4721-Jul-07Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump A and transferred to lading bayYP-G-180A2A4822-Jul-07Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B and installed in A barrelYP-G-180A/B1Pump B becomes Pump A4923-Jul-07Alliance and commissioning of Pump AYP-G-180A2A5026-Jul-07Remove and clean HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A & A C suction strainersYP-G-180A/C2A5110-Aug- 07Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump A and transferred to lading bayYP-G-180A1A5217-Aug-07Commenced installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A1A5318-Aug-07Continued installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A1A5422-Aug-07Alliance and commissioning of Pump AYP-G-180A2A5511-Sep-07PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pump AYP-G-180A2A5617-Oct-07Removal and re tiertlement of Pump A to Pump B barrelYP-G-180A/B2Pump A becomes B5721-Oct-07Investigate low discharge force per unit area on Pump BYP-G-180B2A5822-Oct-07Replacement of Mech. Seal on Pump CYP-G-180C2A5923-Oct-07Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B and transferred to lading bayYP-G-180B1A6024-Oct-07Rigged out Pump A barrel for leak fixs by FMSYP-G-180A1A6125-Oct-07Rigged in Pump A barrel after leak fixs by FMSYP-G-180A1A6228-Oct-07Commenced installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A1A6329-Oct-07Completed installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A2A6431-Oct-07Remove stiff hub from Pump B MotorYP-G-180B2A653-Nov-07Remove Motor to W/Shop to bore and tap broken bolts of Mot or Fan CoverA2A6629-Dec-07Remove damaged pump C and commenced installing of refurbished pumpYP-G-180C1A6730-Dec-07Rig out Pump C due to miss of keyway on shaftYP-G-180C1A681-Jan-08Transferred bad pump to lading bay for QIT W/ShopA1A698-Jan-08Removed HP Flare Scrubber Pump A for fix in QITYP-G-180A0A709-Jan-08Installed Flare Scrubber Pump AYP-G-180A1A7110-Jan-08Removal of Pump AYP-G-180A0Pump stiff.7212-Jan-08Commenced installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A0A7313-Jan-08Completed installing of pump AngstromYP-G-180A1A7427-Jan-08Rigged in Pump B and commissioned sameYP-G-180B2A754-Mar-08PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pumps A & A BYP-G-180A/B2A7613-Apr-08Removal and resettlement of Pump A to Pump C barrelYP-G-180A/C1Pump A barrel leaking petroleum from cut bleed line. Pump A becomes C7714-Apr-08Commenced installing of pump CYP-G-180C1A7815-Apr-08Completed installing of pump CYP-G-180C2A7917-Apr-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B and transferred to lading bayYP-G-180B1A80AAAAA8118-Apr-08Remov al of dust from Pump barrelYP-G-180B1A8221-Apr-08Commenced installing of pump BYP-G-180B1A8322-Apr-08Completed installing of pump BYP-G-180B2A849-May-08Commenced set uping out Pump CYP-G-180C1A8510-May-08Completed set uping out Pump CYP-G-180C1A8617-May-08Commenced installing of pump CYP-G-180C1A8718-May-08Completed installing of pump CYP-G-180C2A8820-May-08Rectified failure to raise on Pump BYP-G-180B2A8923-May-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B for QIT fixsYP-G-180B1A9026-May-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump C for QIT fixsYP-G-180C0A9127-May-08Commenced installing of pump BYP-G-180B0A9228-May-08Completed installing of pump BYP-G-180B1A9313-Jun-08Commenced installing of pump CYP-G-180C1A9414-Jun-08Completed installing of pump CYP-G-180C2A9517-Jun-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B for QIT fixsYP-G-180B1A9617-Jun-08Troubleshoot failure to raise on Pump CYP-G-180C1A9718-Jun-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump C for QIT fixsYP-G-180C0A9820-Jun-08Commenced installing of pump B YP-G-180B0A9921-Jun-08Completed installing of pump BYP-G-180B1A10022-Jun-08Reconfirmed Pump B allianceYP-G-180B1A10124-Jun-08PM on HP Flare Scrubber Pump BYP-G-180B1A10226-Jun-08Rigged out HP Flare Scrubber Pump B for QIT fixsYP-G-180B0A10330-Jun-08Commenced installing of pump B on freshly designed baseYP-G-180C0FMS welding / design in dead-on(prenominal). Pump pulled out to C-Barrel1041-Jul-08Completed installing of pump CYP-G-180C1A1055-Jul-08Swapped Barrel B to A PositionYP-G-180A1A10611-Jul-08Investigated unusual noise on Pump CYP-G-180C1A10722-Jul-08Worked with FMS to measure alteration of Pump basesYP-G-180A/B /CAA10826-Jul-08Installed pump AngstromYP-G-180A2A10929-Jul-08Removed pump CYP-G-180C1A11031-Jul-08Commence remotion of Pump AYP-G-180A0AFig.2. Failure and Maintenance Summary for H.P. Flare Scrubber Pumps, YPLiterature ReviewGraham and Nurcombe ( 2003 ) , observed that many perpendicular submergible pump failures happen instead out of the blue, without due warning and rough scotch climes and competition has become an inducement for equipment operators to want to acquire the best service out of their equipment. This translates to higher life anticipation with works equipment and as such status supervising engineerings such as Vibration, Lubricant and Exhaust gas analyses have become really popular to forestall unwanted and unplanned carry outages. Of the afore-mentioned techniques, Vibration analysis they say, is likely the most of import because of its proved efficaciousness and global credence in many industries.In a instance history of submergible pumps at Saudi Aramco, they highlighted the demand to cognize the status of the pump internals which were submerged in liquid and are normally without status monitoring. ISO codes specify that bearings be monitored but this is non flat done for submerged pumps because the bearings are usually unaccessible. Alternatively, ISO allows measurings to be taken from the accessible parts of the machine i.e . from the Electric motor and the downside of this is that plentifulness of quiver information gets losing or attenuated. A batch of the mistakes associated with perpendicular submergible pumps nevertheless arise from those unaccessible places e.g. cavitation, flow induced quiver etc. , and as such supervising the status of the submersed parts straight provides a valuable beginning of information for predictive and diagnostic steps that can do large cost populate eggs for equipment operators.They have developed and tested transducers and quiver monitoring equipment which can be employ to straight acquire information from the submerged pump parts.It is non plenty merely to supervise the quiver status of these pumps nevertheless. The job at manus is that of the frequent failures of the H.P. Flare Scrubber pumps from the very clip they were commissioned. Installing the submergible quiver monitoring devices would decidedly assist to foretell the failures but would make nil to place th e implicit in cause of the frequent failures. So, the failures cleverness be predicted but would go on often however. The root-cause of these failures demands to be identified so that a permanent solution can be developed. Vibration analysis besides makes this possible.Sinha ( 2008 ) shows that come in installing of machines has effects on their quiver and dynamic features, even when they are good designed. He points to the fact that many freshly installed machines vibrate severely and neglect often merely as has been described in the debut and in the care history of the H.P. Flare Scrubber pumps. Hence it is of import to decide any machine installing jobs if equipment handiness is desired. A quiver analysis and dynamic word picture technique known as Modal Testing can be used to uncover the cancel frequencys of the machine installing assembly and the operating speeding checked to see if near to any of the natural frequences. operate machines at velocities at or shut to struct ural natural frequences brings about resonance which is seen as inordinate quiver. This trial makes it possible to place the right places on the construction to use stiffening in order to cut down quiver by modifying the structural natural frequences. He gave some illustrations were these had been done successfully to extinguish frequent machinery failures.DeMatteo ( 2001 ) presents a instance survey of how the quiver analysis methods of Modal Testing and Operating Deflection frame of reference have been used to work out the job of inordinate quiver on perpendicular pumps which are similar to the H.P. Flare Scrubber pumps.A common yet enfeebling mistake for these pumps is cavitation. A mentioned earlier, it occurs at the submersed parts of this pump where there is no status monitoring as of the present. Cavitation is a phenomenon that takes topographic point in these kinds of pumps when the impact of a fall ining vapor of the fluid been pumped causes harm to the impellers and othe r pump internals. Vapour-bubbles can be formed indoors the wired fluid at low force per unit area pump internals as a consequence or restricted suction, fluctuating liquid degrees of the H.P. Flare Scrubber vas etc. When these bubbles move on to higher force per unit area countries within the pump, they collapse and cause harm to the pump. Wilcoxon Research says that, The prostration of the bubbles is a furious procedure that creates an impacting action inside the pump. This impact will excite high frequence resonances in the pump construction. For this ground, they advocate the usage of quiver detectors in pumps. Cernetic ( 2009 ) says in the same vena, that quiver signals should be used to observe cavitation at the early phases of development since this phenomenon causes pump harm and a decrease in efficiency.From the foregoing, the instance for preclude failures is being made and the demand for contain Based Maintenance ( CBM ) emphasised. Prickett and Eavery ( 1991 ) compa red preventative care and Breakdown care with CBM. CBM is shown to be cheaper and as such is required for the H.P. Flare Scrubbers if concern profitableness and equipment handiness are desired.Overview of Proposed Vibration Monitoring and compend Based Solution to Frequent FailuresFirst and first, it moldiness be ascertained that the place installing of the three pumps is non doing any quiver jobs. The Vibration analysis techniques of Modal Testing and Operating Deflection Shape are proposed for usage to find the root-cause of the frequent failures. Modal proving on the one manus would demo structural natural frequences, node points and manner forms for the three pumps. The manner form is the persuade of the construction at any natural frequence. This information would assist to find if operating velocity is perilously close to the structural natural frequences, the dynamic feature of the construction and the points of least or no warp on the construction ( nodes ) where support s or stiffening may be added in order to relieve quiver degrees. The Impact flick method shall be used to transport this trial out, in situ.The Operating Deflection Shape ( ODS ) on the other manus, would as the name implies show the warp of each pump construction at the operating frequence of 50Hz ( 3000RPM ) . In other words, the ODS would demo the consequence of the operating velocity on assorted parts of the construction and it can be seen if points on the construction vibrate in distributor point or non. Should parts of a construction non travel in stage with the other parts, destructive burden can happen which can give rise to frequent failures.Transporting out these trials as mentioned above would place jobs with the installing. Solving the installing jobs would extinguish the frequent failures. The solution as mentioned earlier, normally involves the application of supports in identified places or the stiffening of bing supports.After the installing jobs are taken attentio n of, it is proposed that for good attach quiver detectors are put in topographic point. For the open parts of the pump assembly i.e. the galvanising motor, it is proposed that two accelerometers be mount at each of the antifriction bearing lodging countries. The accelerometers would be stud mounted at each bearing lodging at right topples apart. Having these accelerometers installed in gear to the analysis of the generated signals would do it possible to observe bearing mistakes at their incipient phases, such that something could be done to forestall a more dearly-won harm to the whole pump assembly.As for the submersed parts of the pump, i.e. the journal bearings, the shaft, the impeller/bowl assembly, the Bently Nevada designed submergible proximity investigations are proposed for usage to supervise the quiver and give diagnostic and prognostic capablenesss for such mistakes as cavitation, impeller harm, acquitiness shaft cleft, instability etc. , which are the common mist akes of machinery such as these and can merely be detected by submersed detectors. Understanding what goes on in the pump hole is critical to maintaining the pump healthy. For case cavitation can be detected on clip with these investigations, procedure conditions changed and the dependability of the pumps maintained. The quiver information collected by these detectors would be analysed and used to do quality determinations sing the needed care responses. Analysis techniques would include frequence spectrum analysis, envelope analysis, polar unavowed plans, orbit unfathomable plans etc.This three prong attack is strongly believed to extinguish the frequent failures, cut down the overall care costs and assist in guaranting the handiness of the three H.P. Flare Scrubber Pumps.The techniques shall be expounded in more item within this study and all the necessary tools and quiver signal processing methods shall be specified.In-Situ Modal Testing for the PumpsThis quiver trial is to unc over any jobs with the installing of the pumps which might be responsible for the frequent failures experienced within the past few old ages. In this trial, the natural frequences, manner form and nodes will be determine for each pump construction.An instrumented pricking would be used to provide impact or energy to each construction at a known frequence and responses measured. When there is resonance, elaboration would be seen in the response spectrum. A Frequency Response Function ( FRF ) is obtained utilizing the force and the response spectra. The response can be represent asFRF= = A + J BWhere A= Real Part, B= Imaginary Part and Phase =At Resonance, the exciting frequence from impact cock = Natural Frequency of Pump Structure.A 0, B gives the Mode Shape, and Phase 90AThe computations are performed and graphs displayed by the FFT ( Fast Fourier Transformation ) Analyzer as shown below.Fig. 3. Time knowledge base and frequence line of business signals. ( Beginning M14 crimi nate Notes, 2010, MSc Maintenance Engineering and Asset Management, University of Manchester )The FRF shows frequence extremums which may or may non be structural natural frequences. However, for the structural natural frequences, the relationships shown supra would all use. The existent portion of the curve ( A ) would go through and through through nothing and the stage would alter by 90A . The fanciful portion of the FRF gives the manner form.So, the needed equipment for the unmoved average testing of the pump constructions are as followsSome accelerometers positioned along points on a pump construction ( accelerometers can be secured by magnetic agencies )An instrumented cockAn FFT AnalyzerCable connexions for cock and accelerometers to analyzerPost Processing Software.The diagram below shows the layout for the trial. The instrumented cock is used to excite the pump construction and the responses taken from the measuring points and analysed to give all the information required i .e. manner form, nodes and natural frequences.Fig.4. Schematic of Vertical Pump Impact TestFig. 5. Impact Test and Modal parametric quantities ( beginning Richardson M.H. ( 1997 ) , Is It a Mode Shape, or an Operating Deflection Shape , Sound and Vibration Magazine, thirtieth Anniversary Issue. )Fig.6. Mode shapes from Imaginary Part of FRF ( beginning Richardson M.H. ( 1997 ) , Is It a Mode Shape, or an Operating Deflection Shape , Sound and Vibration Magazine, 30th Anniversary Issue. )Fig.7. Example of manner form obtained from pump modal proving. ( Beginning Sinha J.K. , ( 2008 ) , Vibration-based Diagnosis Techniques Used in Nuclear Power Plants An Overview of Experiences , Nuclear Engineering and Design, Elsevier B.V. , raft 238, Issue 9, pp. 2439-2452.From the attendant manner forms and ascertained natural frequences, penetration can be obtained as to the exact places for stiffening application or mass remotion in order to alter the natural frequences. Experience has sh own that resonance in these kind of instances is due to the intimacy of the operating velocity ( runing frequence or 1x ) or multiples thereof, to one or more structural natural frequences. For the pump described in fig.7. above, the job was solved welding a thick home base to the stool in order to stiffen it and by put ining extra u-bolts on the discharge line.Operating Deflection ShapeThe Operating Deflection Shape ( ODS ) merely shows how much the pump construction is traveling at a peculiar frequence ( most significantly, the normal runing velocity ) and how much difference there is in stage between different points of the pump construction as it operates.The set-up is merely as was used for the average testing. The difference nevertheless, is that the instrumented cock is non used to excite the construction. Alternatively the machine would be run at its normal operating velocity and quiver informations collected from the accelerometers is fed to the multi-channel analyser. The end product from the analyser is so fed into the computing machine which would hold installed specializer package for ODS show. The show would demo the existent quiver form of the construction. It would be clearly seen, if the pump construction is flexing, if parts are traveling out of stage with one another etc. It would be seen if any status exists which contributes to frequent failures.Fig.8. Example of Software animateness of ODS FRF informations. ( Beginning Richardson M.H. ( 1997 ) , Is It a Mode Shape, or an Operating Deflection Shape , Sound and Vibration Magazine, 30th Anniversary Issue. )It is proposed that both Modal Testing and ODS analysis be carried out by contractors who are specializers in the country of survey and have a proved path record of success.Proposed Permanently Mounted Vibration-based Condition Monitoring SystemFig.9. Set-up of Proposed Permanently mounted quiver monitoring system for the H.P. Flare Scrubber Pumps ( Influenced by Fig.5. , Graham K.M. an d Nurcombe B. , ( 2003 ) , Vertical Water Pumps- What s misadventure Down The Hole , Orbit Magazine, 1Q 2003, pp. 4-9 )Fig. 10. Orthogonally mounted propinquity investigations on-line Available from hypertext transfer protocol //zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/372416A-01/svtconcepts/obt_tbs_shctln/ Accessed 6th May 2010 The proposed for good mounted quiver monitoring and analysis system for each pump would hold the followersFour Bently Nevada 330400 Accelerometers mounted as shown on the diagramFour 3300XL 8mm submerged Proximity Probes mounted in Custom Housings ( two each for two different journal places along shaft length )A Bently Nevada 1900/65 General Condition Equipment MonitorA tacho-sensor for shaft place mention ( from any reputable manufacturer- Bently Nevada, SKF, Endevco )and,A laptop with the Bently Nevada System 1 version 6.5 diagnostic package installed for the analysis of information collected by any of the proctors.The accelerometers would be used to mensur ate the quiver degrees of the anti-friction bearings on the pumps electric motors while the submersed propinquity investigations would mensurate shaft quiver, within the impeller shell and intermediate columns. All the transducer information would be collected by the 1900/65 proctor for each equipment. The proctors are designed for uninterrupted monitoring and readouts from them can be checked from clip to clip by dedicated forces or works operators.Besides, these proctors have the capableness of being tied into bing works control systems such that quiver warning degrees and danger limit for each pump can be announced in control suites via sonic dismaies or visible radiations when these degrees are breached. Additionally, there is the capableness to configure trips and closures in the instance of high quiver degrees occasioned by mistakes such as cavitation. The proctors can be installed near to the equipment in sheltered enclosures, utilizing a short overseas telegram tally. The System 1 package is capable of advanced quiver analysis through the usage of shows such as Bode Plots, Spectral shows, diametrical secret plans, Envelope analysis, etc. It is besides capable of informations acquisition and storage which makes swerving possible. precise specifications for the assorted equipment are supplied in the appendix.Signal Conditioning and ProcessingAs is good known, the end product from the accelerometers and propinquity investigations are linear and clip sphere signals. These have to be converted to digital end products and frequence sphere signatures for mistake diagnosing to be carried out. This is achieved by the Fast Fourier Transformation ( FFT ) algorithm. Analyzing the frequences shown in a spectrum is indispensable for understanding implicit in machinery mistakes, as certain mistakes have distinguishable frequence features. For case, pump revolving velocity would be shown in the frequence spectrum and mistakes on the shaft could be presented as mu ltiples of revolving frequence. The Bently Nevada 1900/65 proctor and System 1 package facilitate this.Fig. 11. Time sphere and frequence sphere signals. ( Beginning M04 Lecture Notes, 2010, MSc Maintenance Engineering and Asset Management, University of Manchester )The quiver measuring devices have been chosen carefully to understate the noise and unwanted intervention to measuring signals. The Bently Nevada 1900/65 has the capableness for low base on balls filtering and high base on balls filtering and these can be configured to accommodate user demands. This helps to extinguish the aliasing consequence and other instrument related noise. ( See merchandise specification sheet in appendix for inside informations ) .There is besides the capableness for envelope analysis by the usage of criterion or enhanced demodulation. This is supported by proctor and analysis package and is peculiarly utile for the early sensing of mistakes on the electric motor anti-friction bearings.Diagnosis S oftware Display Plots and UsesThe following show some of the show plots that can be generated by the diagnostic packageBode instruction execution mapRotor stator profileRotor formHydro air spreadPhasorHistogramOctaveCasacade/ broad(a) CasacadeCurrent valuesBar graph car train diagramAlarm/System event listTrend / Multivariable tendencyTabular listTime base ( with option for superpositionof baseline informations )Orbit / Time base ( with option forsuperposition of baseline informations )Orbit ( with option for superposition ofbaseline informations ) pinion mean center lineSpectrum / Full spectrum ( with optionfor superposition of baseline informations )Ten vs. YWaterfall / Full waterfall frosty/Acceptance partOf the list above, accents would be placed on the Bode, Polar, Orbit, Shaft mean centreline and Waterfall secret plans. These secret plans can be used during normal and transeunt machine conditions to expose the normally experient mistakes.The Bode secret plan is really utile i n placing the critical velocity ( natural frequence ) of a machine, as it shows the quiver behavior of the said machine during start-up or shut-down ( transeunt conditions ) .Fig. 12. Bode Plot Example. Online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/372416A-01/svtconcepts/bode_polar_plots/ Accessed 6th May 2010 The polar secret plan gives the amplitude of 1X ( machine RPM or runing frequence ) and its stage difference from the mention place. The amplitude and stage behaviors can be interpreted to existent equipment wellness or defect.Fig. 13. Polar Plot illustration online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/372416A-01/svtconcepts/bode_polar_plots/ Accessed 6th May 2010 The Orbit secret plan hints out how the shaft is revolving within the bearing. This tells how much clearance exists between shaft and bearing wall. This information is priceless as it can be used to find bearing load alterations and the oncoming of bearing wear.Fig. 14. Orbit Plot illustration online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/372416A-01/svtconcepts/obt_tbs_shctln/ Accessed 6th May 2010 The Shaft centreline secret plan is used in much the same manner as the orbit secret plan in that it can be used to state how much wear has happened within a bearing. The secret plan checks the concentricity or eccentricity of shaft running within a diary bearing, as the name implies.Fig. 15. Shaft Centerline secret plan illustration online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/372416A-01/svtconcepts/obt_tbs_shctln/ Accessed 6th May 2010 The Waterfall secret plan is utile during the transeunt machine operations. It shows how frequency constituents such as 1X, 2X, 3X etc alteration with clip or any other variable. The information obtained can be used to do good judgements as to existent machine conditions.Fig. 16. Waterfall plot illu stration online Available from hypertext transfer protocol //integratedpro.com/content/ ? p=1114 Accessed 6th May 2010 Diagnosis ChartMistakeSteady province CharacteristicTransient aver CharacteristicShaft encumbrance0.3 X shown in frequence spectrum,Funny Orbit secret plan forms and discontinuities thereof.ImbalanceMerely 1X is seen in frequence spectrum, 1X additions with clip and the Phase angle alterationsBode Plot remains the same, There is no alteration in critical velocity or stage angle when compared with the healthy status.Misalignment ( or Preload in the instance of unstable bearings )1X,2X,3X,4X etc are shown in frequence spectrum, Phase angle remains changelessThe orbit secret plan will non change with velocity and polar secret plan remains the same.Crack1X, 2X, 3X, 4X etc are shown in frequence spectrum and these continually alteration in amplitude. The stage angle alterations every bit good.There is amplitude and phase alteration of 1X constituent in the polar sec ret plan,The orbit secret plan alterations from a figure eight form to a cringle incorporating a little cringle.BendMerely 1X is seen in frequence spectrum, 1X additions with clip and the Phase angle alterationsA signal alteration of stage takes topographic point at critical velocity.Mechanical DiarrheaPresence of 0.3X, 0.5X, 1X,1.5X,2x, 2.5X in frequence spectrumMotor Bearing uponBearing Characteristic Frequencies would be seen in spectrumFluid induced instabilityThe presence of 0.45-0.48 X in spectrum when fluid natural frequence is approached by circumferential velocity of fluid, stand foring cover Whirl.The presence of 0.45-0.48 X in spectrum when fluid natural frequence is approached by circumferential velocity of fluid, stand foring Oil WhirlOil Whip consequences when Pump System rotor natural frequence peers fluid s.Fig. 17. Diagnosis Chart for common mistakes ( Beginning Sinha J.K. , M14 Lecture notes 2010, MSc Maintenance Engineering and Asset Management, University of Ma nchester ) interruption Diagnosis ProcessThe overall quiver degrees measuring would be the first phase of protection for the pumps. The ISO recommends the usage of RMS values of speed for overall quiver measuring. Limits for acceptable quiver would be set and configured into the Bently Nevada 1900/65 proctors in footings of Velocity ( RMS ) . These proctors can denote when the bounds have been breached and this would motivate farther probe and trials. These bounds can be obtained from ISO tabular arraies or decided upon in-house by the care applied scientist. The proctor would demo which peculiar detector or detectors has detected a mistake.Furthermore, the proctor and diagnosing package proposed are capable of informations acquisition and storage which make it possible for swerving. The tendencies would be observed hebdomadal and when a set quiver bound is approached, the frequence of review is increased and trials such as the 1s mentioned before can be carried out to determine the mistake type, so a fitting care response can be planned.Fig. 18. Swerving illustration ( beginning M04 CBM Lecture notes ( 2010 ) , MSc Maintenance Engineering and Asset Management, University of Manchester )The mistake diagnosing map would be used in concurrence with the FMEA diagram, 1900/65 proctor event logs and assorted applicable show secret plans ( frequence spectrum shows, Bode secret plan, Polar secret plan etc ) to corroborate the exact mistake of the pumps. Pump related frequences would be noted such that when they appear in the frequence spectrum, they can delicate be identified.FMEA, Symptoms of identified impairment mechanismsPotential Failure ModePotential Effectss of FailurePotential Failure CausesSymptoms of identified impairment mechanisms1Antifriction Bearing mistake ( Electric motor )Bearing Seizure, Misalignment,Damage to motor shaft, Mechanical seal failure.Poor lubrication, ResonanceHigh Frequency Hump seen in Frequency spectrum related to bearing lodging n atural frequence2Shaft CracksShaft Fracture, Loss of pump actionResonance, Manufacturing defects1X, 2X, 3X, 4X etc are shown in frequence spectrum. These addition in amplitude over clip.3CavitationImpeller Damage, Reduced end product, Pump loss.Process disturbances, Gas lock in Pump BarrelNoisy operation, High frequence extremums in spectrum4ImbalanceExcessive Vibration, BDamage to bearings and Impellers, Pump loss.Wear, Impeller harm1x constituent in frequence spectrum which increases in amplitude over clip.5Journal Bearing WearLateral shaft drama, Shaft harmMatching misalignmentNoisy operation, Lateral shaft drama,6Impeller DamageReduced end product, Pump loss, Imbalance,Improper assembly,Cavitation, Flow-induced quiverBlade Passing frequence nowadays in frequence spectrum ( 5X,10X etc )7Bent ShaftBearing harm, High quiverMatching misalignment, ResonanceAxial quiver, 1X presence in frequence spectrum8Matching MisalignmentResonance, Damage to pump internals, Mechanical seal failure , Loss of pump.Improper assembly, Resonance1X,2X,3X,4X etc are shown in frequence spectrum9Shaft hang-upDamage to pump internals, Mechanical seal failure, Loss of pump.Matching misalignment0.3X, 0.5X presence in quiver spectrum secret plan10DiarrheaDamage to pump internals, Mechanical seal failure, Loss of pump.Resonance, Improper AssemblyThe presence of 0.5X, 1X, 1.5X, 2X, 2.5X etc in frequence spectrumFig. 19. FMEA tabular array for pump and motor assembly.Cost and Man-Power Implications of Vibration Monitoring and Analysis Set-upThe monetary values given are estimations based on monetary values obtained from assorted cyberspace shopping web sites. They are non univocal as Bently Nevada gives monetary values based on different functionality demands and applications worldwide.ItemMeasure required for all three pumpsUnit Price ( $ )Price ( $ )Accelerometer, Bently Nevada 330400125006000Monitor, Bently Nevada 1900/65325007500Submersible Proximity investigations, Bently Nevada1210001 2000Tacho Sensor, Bently Nevada3300900Laptop110001000System 1 Diagnostic Software Licence, Bently Nevada12000020000Training for quiver applied scientist ( from bing care administration )2500Entire Price $ 49,900Fig.20. Cost breakdown of needed equipment for for good mounted quiver monitoring and analysis system.At lease one applied scientist with accomplishments for quiver monitoring and analysis would be required to supervise the whole set-up. He must be trained and competent in the usage of assorted show secret plans, signal processing and conditioning, for mistake designation and sensing.This cognition can besides be used on other critical works equipment such as the gas turbines and the centrifugal gas compressor.The dynamic word picture trials are to be contracted out to see service suppliers with the equal hardware and package for real-time life of vibrational gesture. It is estimated that the cost of this service would be circa $ 100,000. This brings the talky rack up of th e proposed quiver programme from the frequent pump failures solution to for good installed status monitoring to about $ 150,000.Benefits and Limits of the proposed Vibration-based Condition Monitoring SystemThe proposed set-up for monitoring and analyzing the quiver from the pumps has rather a figure of benefits.From the concern point of position, it is an investing because it can forestall dearly-won failures. The dollar value of the pumps failure within the biennial period considered in this study easy exceeds $ 1million when fix costs, trim parts, logistics and man-hours expended are considered.For the care administration, the presence of these vibration-based status monitoring equipment, makes it possible for care to be pro-active instead than reactive. Furthermore, frequent failures are eliminated which give room for better planning and more clip for effectual and efficient care.The cost of the quiver monitoring and analysis equipment can be seen to be a little monetary value to pay for plus handiness, enhanced productiveness and even safety.The restriction to the proposed system is the accomplishment, cognition and competency of the applied scientist or applied scientists who are in charge of the set-up. The signals for any mistake status would ever be picked up by the monitoring equipment. The proper and accurate diagnosing of mistakes and subsequent care determinations made are the remit of the applied scientist ( s ) responsible for the vibration-based status monitoring programme. In add-on, quiver monitoring equipment could neglect and necessitate replacing.DecisionA glimpse through the summarised failure and care history of the H.P. flair scrubber pumps for a two twelvemonth period reveals the sum of resources expended on them and their hapless handiness. Clearly so, something new and different from the old attacks should be attempted.This proposed system covers all the grounds- from installing jobs check, procedure vagaries that cause cavitation, to common mistakes experienced by revolving machines such as bearing defects and matching misalignments to advert a few.Besides, the proposed methods are tested and trusted and can lend to nest eggs in care cost, works handiness and safety which are cardinal public presentation indexs for most industrial workss.Appendix i- Bently Nevada 1900/65 Monitor Online Available from www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/bently_nevada.htm Accessed 6th May 2010 Appendix ii- Bently Nevada 330400 Accelerometers Online Available from www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/bently_nevada.htm Accessed 6th May 2010 Appendix iii- Bently Nevada System 1 Diagnostic Software Online Available from www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/bently_nevada.htm Accessed 6th May 2010 Appendix iv- Vibration Severity Limits for MachinesFig. 21. ISO 10816 Vibration Severity Limit ChartAppendix v- Submersible Proximity Probes Online Available from www.ge-energy.com/prod_serv/products/oc/en/bently_n evada.htm Accessed 6th May 2010

Philippine Educational Status Essay

Philippine education is patterned after the American system, with English as the medium of instruction. Schools atomic number 18 classified into globe ( regime) or mystic (non-government). The general pattern of formal education follows cardinal stages Pre-primary level (nursery, kindergarten and preparatory) offered in most privy schools six years of primary education, followed by four years of secondary education.College education usually takes four, sometimes five and in some cases as in medical and law schools, as long as eight years. Graduate schooling is an additional two or more years. Classes in Philippine schools take over in June and end in March. Colleges and universities follow the semestral calendar from June-October and November-March. There are a get along of foreign schools with study programs similar to those of the mother country. An boilers suit literacy consider was estimated at 95.9 percent for the union population in 2003, 96 % for males and 95.8 % fo r females.Compared with other countries, the literacy rate in the Philippines is quite high. to a greater extentover enrolment rate is 99. 9% in primary level and 77. 8% in secondary level, which is higher than Singapore and the highest in ASEAN countries. However while statistics on educational attainment may be high, the economic situation in the Philippines is still not so good. The Philippines has succeeded in expanding its education in quantitative terms, but now they know to regard about Quality of education. 3 government organizations handle education in the Philippines. These are the Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (DECS), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and the adept Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). In 1999, the Department of Education, Culture and Sports, which governs both public and private education in all levels, stated that its mission was to submit quality basic education that is equitably accessible to all by the found ation for lifelong learning and service for the common good.The Department also stipulated its dream to develop a highly competent, civic spirited, life-skilled, and God-loving Filipino youth who actively participate in and contribute towards the building of a humane, healthy and productive society. solely these ambitions were embodied in the development strategy called Philippines 2000. The academic year in the Philippines is patterned after its wet/cool and dry/hot seasons. The hottest months of the year are from March to May, thus making them the summer break. The wet season starts in June, which also marks the beginning of the academic school year. Beginning 1993, DECS increased the number of school days from 185 to 200. The school year ends during the first few weeks of March. The Philippines, a Catholic country, has a two- to three-week break during Christmas in December and a four- to five-day break at the start of November to celebrate the Day of the Saints and the Day of the Dead.The language of instruction has been a much debated topic. For a country dispersed over 7,107 islands, with 11 languages and 87 dialects, colonised by Spain for more than 300 years, and educated by the Americans, the decision to pick a particular language of instruction has been very controversial. The languages used for instruction have switched from Spanish to Tagalog, to English to the local vernacular, including some Chinese languages, and Arabic, which is used in the southern part of the country. According to an official publication of the U.S. Library of Congress, the Philippine count reported that during the 1990s a total of 65 percent of Filipinos understood English. During the last four decades of the twentieth century, education in all levels had vastly improved. In the compulsory elementary level, from 1965-1966, at that place were a total of 5.8 billion students enrolled, 4.5 percent of which were in private institutions. In 1987-1988 these numbers grew to 9 .6 million enrolled, 6.6 percent of which were in private schools. By school year 1999-2000, 12.6 million were enrolled with 7.1 percent in the private sector.This level is for frames 1 through 6ages 7 to 12. The various Philippine grade levels are referred to with cardinal numbers (one, two, three) rather than ordinal numbers (first, second, third). subsidiary education is taught for 4 years from ages 13 to 16. Primary and secondary schools are taught from Monday to Friday, scratch line at 730 A.M. The school day begins with a flag raising, national anthem, and pledge of allegiance. Students usually have an hour for lunch. School cafeterias are mostly non-existent and those that exist are largely inadequate. Students either go home for lunch or pack their lunch. Some parents, usually mothers, come to school to bring partial(p) lunch for their children. Classes resume for the afternoon, until about 430 to 500 p.m. In some areas, cod to lack of facilities, certain schools are f orced to have ingeminate shifts, minimizing the hours children spend in school. Access has been a problem for certain sectors of the population and DECS has made this the number one priority. In the secondary level for 1965-1966, approximately 1.17 million students were enrolled with 62.3 percent in the private sector.In 1987-1988, there was a total of 3.49 million students enrolled, 40.8 percent of whom were in private schools. By 1999-2000 there was an overall total of 5.1 million students, with 24 percent in private schools. Higher education in the Philippines is strongly in the private sector. Most bachelor degrees are for four years. Students are usually from 17 to 20 years old. In 1985, the private sector of higher education was close to 80 percent of the student population. Of these institutions one-third are considered non-profit, while two-thirds function for monetary gain. This has lead to the reputation of certain schools as diploma mills and to the more serious problem of producing unqualified, unemployed, and underemployed graduates. During the 1970s, there was a wide discrepancy in the literacy rates of the various regions of the country. The capital region of Metro Manila had a 95 percent literacy rate the important Luzon area had a 90 percent literacy rate while the Western portion of Mindanao had a 65 percent rate.Three principal indigenous languages in the Manila area are Cebuano in the Visayas, Tagalog and Ilocano in the northern portion of Luzon. In 1939 Philipino (which is establish on the Tagalog language) was made the national language. Philipino later evolved to Filipino which is based on the languages used in the Philippines. English still remains the most important non-indigenous language used by media, higher education, private, primary and secondary schools, government administration, and business. Only a handful of families have maintained speaking in Spanish. The multiplicity of languages used in the Philippines has not affecte d its literacy rate of 94.6 percent, one of the highest in East Asia and the Pacific region. engineering science use is starting to gain momentum in the overall education of the Philippines. In 1999, there were 93 Internet utility Providers (ISP) in the country. By the beginning of 2001, the participation of nongovernmental organizations and the private sector in education was evident with the donation of 1,000 personal computers for use during school year 2001-2002 in 1,000 public high schools of 16 regions.The program, called One Thousand PCs, has four major components, namely curriculum development with the creation of a one year signifier on computer education as a specialization in entrepreneurship teacher training for recipient schools courseware development through the creation of Information Technology materials and the purchase of hardware from the private sector through the Adopt-A-School Program. The Department of Trade and Industry chaired this project. Curricular dev elopment is under the jurisdiction of the DECS. Authority slowly trickled bolt down to the municipal/local levels as the system shifted to decentralize decision-making and empower local schools. Despite these efforts, much of the important decisions, such as the purchase of all public school textbooks, is done by DECS. Important curricular changes needed to respond to emerging student needs are limited due to budgetary constraints.Three tests are administered to students, the preparation for which must be addressed through further curricular development. These tests are the National Elementary Aptitude Test (NEAT), the National Secondary Aptitude Test (NSAT), and the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE). The Philippine population grows at a rate of 2.07 percent per year. In July 2000, the estimated population was 81,159,644 people. About 37 percent of this population was from birth to 14-years-old. A 2 percent yearly population growth translates to about 1.6 million childre n born every year. This growth rate strains the resources of the educational system. During 1999-2000, a 2 percent increase in the number of students meant 8,000 more classrooms needed. The deficit was 29,000 since DECS was able to build only 6,000 new rooms for the year.More teachers required (total lack of 21,000 since the budget allowed for hiring only 4,700 new teachers) 400,000 more desks (of the 2.2 million needed, only 500,000 were purchased) and 10 million additional textbooks with a ratio of 2 students per book. To quiet this strain, certain schools hold double sessions (one in the morning and another in the afternoon) in elementary schools. Some high schools even have triple sessions due to space and resource problems. As for gender distribution in the elementary level, male and female students are almost equally represented, while there are more females students at the secondary and higher education level. In rural areas, men are expected to do work while women are allow ed to lease education. Males have a higher rate of failure, dropout, and repetition in both elementary and secondary levels.

Of mice and men is the story of two men George Milton and Lennie Small Essay

Of mice and custody is the story of ii men George Milton and Lennie Small who are two commonwealth who move from place to place in search of work. This is so that one day they trick afford to buy a small lift somewhere where they can live alone and be there own bosses. George looks after Lennie because Lennie is mentally slow and he has looked after him since Lennies aunt died, because Lennie is mentally challenged, he tends to get George and himself into trouble because of stupid little things.They where on the run and they found a counterpane in the Salinas valley California where they could work as ranch hands.Crooks, the black stable buck, was a proud aloof piece of music who kept his distance from some new(prenominal) bulk and demanded that they keep their own distance too. This was because he was black and at the time this novel was written, there was a lot of racist discrimination towards people with black skin, and so if he did mix with the differents they would b esides make a mockery of him by using sarcasm and taunts. Crooks was obviously a very intelligent person because he controlled his inner anger towards the other people on the ranch but he was also a proud and bitter man. Proud because he never let everyone see how he truly felt and the ridicule and name calling and bitter because of the vogue he is treated and he passes on the hurt feeling he has to other people he thinks that there will be no recriminations from. He feels he is isolated because he is the only black man on the ranch and one of the very few black people in the entire area.Crooks is treated badly due to the racism in both the ranch and baseball club as a whole. At the time when this story was written, the world was a very racist place and anyone with a different coloured skin other than white was treated differently. He was called a nigger and yet he was born in America so in fact, he was a neat American and not a nigger, but due to him being black, he was treated very differently. He was given all the jobs that a white man would like to consider below him, i.e. cleaning out the stables. Even though the workers on the ranch did not set out to insult him deliberately, the use of the circumstance nigger signals to people that black men like Crooks were degraded both verbally and physically by people with white skin. Crooks was openly referred to as a nigger, which amplifies the casual racism that was directed at him by the others.Crooks bullies Lennie because he has been tormented and bullied all the time he has been able to understand the facts of racial prejudice. He is then given the chance to bully Lennie. To get Lennies attention he uses a subdued and convincing voice. When he gets the affect he wants he then turns to bullying and you can see his face lighted with pleasure in his torture. He revelled in the suffering and tribulation he stray on Lennie because he is enjoying bullying instead of being bullied himself. He also likes his new level as he can only do this to Lennie because he is not a threat and it is possibly the only time he can get his own back in some small way shape of form.Crooks character overhauls to widen the theme of loneliness in the novel because all the men on the ranch would have been proud and bitter men in someway because of the work they were forced to do. In addition, the way it says that it is unusual for people to travel around in twos I think that they were used to people keeping them selves to them because at the time it was written it was the great depression and so people were sad and tended not to communicate with other people.Crooks is given the smallest most au naturel(p) room on the ranch he is made to keep away from the bunkhouse where the rest of the workers work. His room is not only his room it is sort of an equipment store a place where equipment gets fixed. He is the also the only black person on the ranch and possibly the only black person for miles, which means that he has no one of his own race to converge with. The other thing that is not on his side is that with him being black no one would believe him if any thing went wrong an example of this is when Curleys wife goes into Crooks room and crooks tell her to leave she replies with that she calls him a nigger ands that she could get him lynched (hanged) quiet easily, implying that she doesnt like him and that she could do it if she was pushed.The row used to describe Crooks gives him a lack of recognition which help the author to make the reader of the novel feel sorry for Crooks and that they would just want to help him. John Steinbeck uses this to show his lack of identity and thus making him an outsider to the rest of the people on the ranch who have a full overt description of the way they look.The lack of description of crooks makes us feel sympathetic towards him Steinbeck also uses like a sad slow old-fashioned form of piece of writing to make you feel like he is lonely and is symp athetic towards him.Crooks is quit an important character in the novel it helps the writer convey the loneliness and solitude there must have been being a worker on a desolate ranch. Crooks is also the only person in the novel who can take part in one of the novels main themes (discrimination). It is also a good way of letting you see what life was like and the way people strived to make their life long dream come true (the American dream). After a while Crooks begins to trust Lennie and they become friends, which is another (friendship).

Cultural Stereotype Essay

Human beings argon unique and different in many ways. However, masses from other countries whitethorn likewise have accredited similarities in character and perception. Cultural differences give throng an idea on how to describe or identify a person who belongs to a certain group. Most of the time, people give a preconceived or oversimplified generalization about another group of people. The world is full of different groups of people that make up the whole of the society. These groups, however, have their own classifications based on how people cover them.Stereotyping can sometimes be positive, but it may excessively bear a false assumption toward a certain group or person. Stereotyping is definitely inevitable because this is one way of giving a certain group an identity for them to be easily recognized by the people who share the same perception towards them. In most cases, stereotyping affects the way the society views a certain group of people, and worst, the name and perc eption that the society has towards them may be considered as reality rather than just a representation of that group.For example, the society looks at women as oppressed and vulnerable while the teenagers are perceived as aggressive and carefree individuals. The politicians are viewed as cheaters and liars while the loner people are stereotyped as weird or geek. These kinds of perception are stored in the minds of other people until they get to know one person from the group and rise that not altogether people with the same color, interests, gender, and designation have the same characteristics.Most often, however, stereotypes are wrong and negative which instill a permanent image or representation of an individual who belong to that cluster. The world might have been changing but the stereotyping remains as old as the culture that to each one country or each group has reserved for the past centuries. It is a manifestation that stereotyping can never be avoided or eradicated for it is part of the lives of the mainstream. Oftentimes, stereotyping offends the person or the group because of exaggeration in naming and injustice in giving information without proper evidences.Unfortunately, a certain group that had been rendered a stereotyped head tends to create an image which would remain inculcated in the minds of the people in the society. The impression that a group leaves to the people around them would be the same impression that would be gained by the other group which looks, acts, talks, and even shares the same beliefs with them. It has been said that mass media is one of the strongest factors in creating a stereotype judgment toward a person or a group.Apparently, people pattern their views based on how media portrays a specific group on media sources. The media does not teach the society on how they should perceive a group but their portrayal of that group on television shows, magazines, newspapers, and radio would give people an idea on the characte ristics of the individuals that certain group has. Sadly, the media most of the time, tends to sink the consequences of negative depiction of a certain group. On the other hand, stereotyping makes a certain group distinct from others.Because of the image that the society created pertaining to them, a group would be easily recognized and would gain a unique identity. Stereotyping may be favorable to those that have been having a good image representation because the society may not easily notice their negative sides. However, it would be unfair for those who already have a negative judgment from the society because people may perceive them only based on what they have learned and heard about that specific group. Every individual believes and practices different cultures and these may affect the way people view one another.However, making themselves familiar to the culture and beliefs of others may somehow lessen the negative impact of stereotyping. As stated in this article, not all stereotypes are bad and damaging for a group of individuals who share the same perspectives. Rather, it is the ignorance and the refusal of another group to know more about the culture of the other that makes it offensive. mess should evaluate first the image that they have conceived from other people or from the media in order to avoid the negative perceptions caused by stereotyping.

Analysis of “If” by Rudyard Kipling Essay

The fist stanza of the poem If talks round being true to yourself. There are always people who misjudge you or dont like or respect you for one reason or the other. It tells you to rise above those obstacles and prove them scathe and yourself right. You should not let others provoke you into doing things which you know are wrong.The second stanza of the poem talks about eachwherecoming obstacles that whitethorn come your way and follow your dreams. It tells us to persevere, keep going and never give up eve when times get rough. It is hard to jump back in after negative or pernicious things have happened in your life but the third stanza tells us not to give up. If we believe in ourselves, we can surely redo the positive things that made us happy sometime ago over again. The writer obviously knew how hard sometimes life can become. He therefore initiated a find of hope in this stanza.The last stanza tells us that we are all equal no matter what. We shouldnt and mustnt put ourse lves above or below anyone because we are just as good as anyone else. There is one thing you can relate to in a person if you really pay heed deep down inside and try. It also teaches us to never waste time and make every second of the day that we have count.In a nutshell, this poem is like a piece of advice to us all to be positive and pay attention to the type of world we live in.

How Does Golding Present Simon in Lord of the Flies-What Is His Role? Essay

William Goldings headmaster of the flies, portrays a group of boys who find themselves abandon on a desert island in a deep battle between civilisation and primal savagery. One of the boys portrayed, Simon, a boy who is kind and physically fragile expresses a deeper knowledge of the problems on the island that the some otherwise boys are unaware of. There are many differing viewpoints on his role in the novel. One of these is that he is a scriptural parallel Simon portrays a saintly figure, and shows many of the qualities demonstrated by Jesus Christ. He demonstrates a strong connection with nature throughout, and likewise is shown to be a character of strong seemliness and kindness.One of the reasons Simon is often thought of as a biblical parallel to Jesus Christ is because of his kick downstairs with The wildcat, which shows a strong relation to Jesus 40 days in the desert, in which he encountered the Devil and was tempted by him to leave his mission. In Lord of the Fli es, Simon meets the beast during an epileptic fit. His mind, or the puppet tells him We are going to have fun on this islandso dont try it on. Simon is organism told that he must(prenominal) not tell the others what he knows, that they must have fun and Simon must not interfere, but he must just run off and play. The name Lord of the Flies is a translation of a word thought to mean a powerful demon, or the devil himself. This shows that Simon may have represented Jesus in the novel.Simons death also shows resemblance to that of Jesus, which shows us that Simon may be Christs representation in the novel. Simon was crying out something of a dead man on a hill. This imagery is displayed just before Simon is mercilessly slaughtered by the other boys, a direct link to the image of Jesus crucifixion on the top of a hill. after(prenominal) Christ was killed, it was s incite that There was darkness over all the landand the earth did quake, and the rocks rent. These supernatural biblica l descriptions recount the solar eclipse and the earthquake which took place after Jesus death. This relates to the death of Simon The clouds opened and let down the rain like a waterfall, signifying his death. When Jesus was crucified, he died to save mankind. This relates to Simon confronting the figure on the mountaintop. When he died the parachute took the figure forwardand bumped it out to sea.When Simon died, the dead air pilot was eventuallyreleased from his purgatorial state on the island, and as Jesus died and salvaged mankind, Simon died and exorcised the head who lingered between life and death, and between promised land and hell. This shows us that Simon had many strong parallels with Jesus and may have been his biblical parallel in the novel. Simon is a representation of hope and innocence on the island, and has a strong and vital connection with nature. In the novel, Simon has a special place in the forest where he can go and sit al iodin, at unitary with his surro undings. The sunlight pelted down and the butterflies danced. This description indicates that this place where Simon often re brasss is almost paradisiacal, and Simon is able to appreciate the true bang of the island its beauty is not thwarted by his presence, as it is with the other boys. Simon has a strong connection with the island and with nature itself. Simon is able to see the true beauty in the things that others cannot. The creepers, which had once hindered the boys and were previously referred to as snake-like, aid him and form a large mat.This shows his unity with nature. When Simon ventures into the forest the white candle buds open themselves up, which and returned to serene place that he came from. Simon is connected with nature throughout the novel, but is only truly at one with it when he dies. The body of the dead airman being pulled out to sea could also symbolise Simons soul being finally released from the confines of life and returning to nature where it belongs . Simons true sense of gross(a) goodwill is first demonstrated in his expressed concern for the more vulnerable boys. He table service the littluns to get fruit, and pulled off the choicest from up in the foliage, passed them back down to the endless, outstretched hands. He also helps neandertal to get his glasses back when Jack has knocked them off, showing that he does not discriminate against Piggy because he is different but chooses to help him, even if this may cause him to suffer in the future.These may indicate that Simon, though other characters may be thought of as good and kind, such as Piggy or Ralph, Simon shows no flaws at all. Simon possesses a deep knowledge and commiserateing about the faithfulness of the island and the beast of which the other boys know not. He also seems to posses many mystic qualities. He is the first to understand truly that the beast is not a physical or material being, but something that lives at bottom the boys. contrasted piggy or Ral ph, who are able to appreciate cock-a-hoop knowledge and understanding, Simon possessesthe ability to see the darker side of knowledge. For Simon, the eyes of the Pigs head on the stick are dim with the infinite cynicism of adult life, meaning that adults believe nothing is ideal, therefore his realisation in itself is cynical the beast lives within the children, making Simon distrust the human nature. He knows the truth but is unable to get it across to the other boys Simon became inarticulate in his effort to express mankinds meaty illness. Simon understands the truth fag the beast- that the beast itself thrives within the boys, is not something living that can be hunted, but is mankinds essential illness, the evil that lurks within all men, waiting to be released.The fact that Simon is inarticulate shows that he is unable to express the truth to the others, and even if he had, the boys would not have listened or cared. His death relates to the elements- his knowledge is basa l . Golding shows us the significance of his death by shifting the focus from the movements of Simons body to the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars, inciting that Simons knowledge was as essential as the elements themselves. However, even though he is portrayed as a weak character right from the beginning, Simon is some(prenominal) braver than he seems he is the one who climbs the mountain to encounter the beast, at which he discovers that the beast is not material. Simon possesses a number of mystical qualities, such as his moving abilities. Simon prophesizes to Ralph youll get back to where you came from, almost indicating that he may not. Simon foresees his own death and predicts that Ralph will return home.another(prenominal) way in which Simons mystical qualities are shown is when he asks the other boys rhetorical questions which require much thought to answer, such as what is the dirtiest thing there is? All of these indicate that Simon is a mystic and possesses a much deeper and darker knowledge than the other boys. To conclude, Goldings presentation of Simon shows us his biblical parallel with Jesus and his earthshaking unity with nature, which lets Simon see the true beauty of the island where others cannot, indicating that it is not the island that is against them but that the boys are against the island, truly centralised virtually destruction and savagery.He represents Hope and bravery and has a deep and perhaps dark knowledge, which enables him to perceive the truth much more clearly than the other boys. He also has a flawless good will. This shows us that Simons true role in the novel was that he alonehad the power to save the boys from themselves, for he alone had the knowledge of the beasts true nature. Simon was killed because of this, however he was killed as the beast notwithstanding it is ironic that he said the beast was only us. Simon was the least beast-like, which makes one wonder whether him being less savage makes him more or less human.