The Color Line Mass Media And Systemic Racism - 1258 Words

The problem of the 21st Century is the problem of the color line: Mass Media and Systemic Racism In the Souls Of Black Folk , Du Bois starts his collection by stating that â€Å"the problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color line.† (p. 34 Forethought Du. Bois) Du Bois’s conception of the â€Å"problem of the color line† is an apt diagnosis for the problems about racialized identities of his time and is still applicable for the Twenty-first century. Du Bois’s â€Å"problem of the color line† can be seen operating in the dominant media coverage of recent events of excessive police brutality directed toward African Americans. â€Å"The problem of the color line† is still evident in the 21st century with institutionalized racism and discrimination which continue to oppress people of color. In this paper first I will outline Du Bois definition of the problem of the color line, and argue that it is an apt diagnosis for the problem of the 21st century. In particular, I will argue that the media’s presentation of issues surrounding racial injustices contributes to the promotion and perpetuation of this systemic racism. Specifically, I will maintain that this media coverage negatively affects blacks such that we suffer from double-consciousness and it impedes us from gaining a â€Å"true self-consciousness†. I will also propose that the media coverage of racial injustices perpetuates the problem of the color line by creating a distorted image of the African American. I will also evaluateShow MoreRelatedTelevision Shows Of All Time Is Glee846 Words   |  4 Pagescharacters of color. For the majority of the show’s six season run, they are not given any major storylines or any storylines that surround the topic of race. This can still be seen as under-r epresentation of racial diversity, but the show continues to be seen as forward thinking and first of its kind. One of the phrases from ‘Racism with racists’ is the phrase â€Å"I don’t see color.† For example, although Glee discusses issues and struggles that are disproportionately prevalent amongst people of color (particularlyRead MoreThe Between White And Black1555 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen expended on preserving systemic racism, including on the written and oral rationalizations of the societal reality† (Feagin 99). The dichotomy between white and black has been happening for centuries, you see it in history books, the mainstream media, and even within mainstream feminism. Many academics who study Latinx’s discuss the idea of Latinx’s â€Å"living between cultures,† which is a concept Gloria Anzuldua has discussed in her academic writing. Latinx live in a line of invisibility, as AbrahamRead MoreEssay about Mass Incarceration of African Americans2060 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Until justice is blind to color, until education is una ware of race, until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of mens skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact.†(Lyndon Johnson). For generations in the United Stated, ethnic minorities have been discriminated against and denied fair opportunity and equal rights. In the beginning there was slavery, and thereafter came an era of racism which directly impacted millions of minorities lives. This period called Jim Crow was theRead MoreThe United States Of America1551 Words   |  7 Pagesplace that praises the â€Å" American Dream† that countless people try following but never really succeed in accomplishing because of systemic racism. It’s easy to tell people to pull themselves up by their bootstraps, but what if they don’t even have bootstraps to begin with? The American Dream is a sugar coated lie. After hundreds of years of colonization, mass genocide, racism, white supremacy†¦ It is deceptive to tell minorities that they can be as successful as their white counterparts when the systemRead MoreAnalysis Of Kendrick Lamar s The Blacker The Berry Essay1629 Words   |  7 Pagesimagined the elephant that filled the room as an unapologetically black male made a statement to the world about African American oppression in the United States. Kendrick Lamar’s showcase included an intricate set that addressed social issues such as mass incarceration with song, â€Å"The Blacker the Berry†, while keeping hope towards better days with song â€Å"Alright†. The elaborate performance on February 15, 2016 would be a performance that will go down in history. An artist used his platform to discussRead MoreRacism In The 1960s1886 Words   |  8 Pagesbooks the March: Book 1 and March: Book 2. People of color raised an awareness to Americans about the issues of segregation, discrimination, and civil rights. Matter of fact, they â€Å"wanted to change America—to make it something different, someth ing better† (Lewis and Aydin 1:103). In other words, they dream of total freedom and a new America where everyone treats others equally regardless of color. The challenges John Lewis and people of color shared during the 1960’s was inspirational, emotionalRead MoreThe Racism Of The United States2154 Words   |  9 PagesPolitical Racism in United States Philosopher Kwame Gyekye defines the human affairs that means the experience of human beings. To distinguish relevant information and to dissect human activities, â€Å"essential universalism† and â€Å"contingent universalism† are defined its components and purpose with the limited discernment of humans and their undertakings. A large portion of this section is devoted the development of human behavior in this phenomena. My research paper will talk about the genre of racismRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander3956 Words   |  16 PagesAbstract The history of Jim Crow is a story of white power, but it is also a story of black survival and resilience. The Jim Crow era lasted nearly a century because of the federal government and there is still work to be done today. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander, is a book about the discrimination of African Americans in today s society. One of Alexander s main points is the War on Drugs and how young African American males are targeted andRead MoreA Permanent Or Semi Permanent Change Of Residence3784 Words   |  16 Pagesworkers and the capitalist system. The capitalist society created a division between white and black workers, reinforcing racial oppression and exploitation (Conrad et al., 2005; Bowen, 2008). Toronto city comprises of approximately 50% people of color and immigrants. The plight of ethnic minorities in Toronto is addressed by Bauder (2012) who insists that they are characterized by high rates of unemployment, po or access to social services and poverty due to issues of prejudice. These issues haveRead MoreThe Black Panthers, By J. Wilson, And Marcus Garvey And The Unia3935 Words   |  16 Pageshave been an unfortunate result of slavery and Jim Crow. The recent murder of Trayvon Martin confirms that many Americans believe in these extremely dangerous social constructions. It has resulted in a relentless attack and suspicion upon people of color and the creation of policies like New York City’s â€Å"Stop-and-Frisk† law that simply target blacks and latinos in greater numbers as if it was the original intent of the law. We have allowed others to define who we are and if we are to achieve success

Sports - 17363 Words

Instructor’s Manual Exercises in Sportscasting Linda K. Fuller, PhD Published by  © 2008 by Routledge, Taylor Francis Group. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilm, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. Routledge, Taylor Francis Group, 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. IM-1826 CONTENTS Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction to Sports, Sportscasters, and Sportscasting Chapter 2. The Historical Development of Sports and Sportscasting Chapter 3. The Economics of Sports, Sportscasters, and†¦show more content†¦Cronin, Mike and David Mayall (Eds.) (1998). Sporting nationalisms.Oxford, UK: Taylor Francis, Inc. Eitzen, D. Stanley (Ed.) (2004). Sport in contemporary society: An anthology, 7th ed. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. Foer, Franklin. 2004. How soccer explains the world: An unlikely theory of globalization. New York: Harper Perennial. Gems, Gerald R. (2006). The athletic crusade: Sport and American cultural imperialism. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Houlihan, Barrie. 1994. Sport and international politics. NY: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Ingham, Alan G. and John W. Loy (eds.) 1993. Sport in social development: Traditions, transitions, and transformations. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Maguire, Joseph. 1999. Global sport: Identities, societies, civili zations. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. Majumdar, Boria and Fan Hong (Eds.) (2006). Modern sport the global obsession. Oxford, UK: Routledge. Miller, Toby, Geoffrey Lawrence, Jim McKay, and David Rowe (2001). Globalization and sport: Playing the world. London: Sage. Roche, Maurice (2001). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. London: Routledge. Instructor’s Manual 9 Sandvoss, Cornel. 2003. A game of two halves: Football fandom, television and globalisation. London: Routledge. Szymanski, Stefan and Andrew Zimbalist. (2005). National pastime: How Americans play baseball and the rest of the world plays soccer. Brookings Institution Press. Tomlinson, Alan andShow MoreRelatedSports : Sports And Sports2137 Words   |  9 PagesEthics in Sports Sports in the twentieth first century has become an essential component of education. Recreational athletic activities have a great role in perfecting human spirit. Through the healthy competition sports influence the cultivation of will, perseverance, responsibility, ability to eliminate the inconvenience and many more. Moreover sport is a great tool which gathers people together towards the common objective, regardless of their nationality, race, religion or beliefs – both on theRead MoreSports And Its Impact On Sports Essay962 Words   |  4 Pagesother International sport competitions has catalyzed the sports scientists to take interest in exploring all the aspects and possibilities that can contribute to enhance sports performance to an greater heights. In sports primary motive is to win the game by following set of rules. By playing within these rules one s character is developed. What matters in the sports is how the player handles victory and how to handle the disappo intments that comes with the defeat. Although sports is not an art orRead MoreSports : Sports And Sports1092 Words   |  5 PagesSports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched their lives. Thousands of fans respondedRead MoreSports : Sports And Sporting Activities1568 Words   |  7 Pagesemphasis placed on sports and sporting activities. Every public school, middle and up, offers some sporting program, and most private schools do as well. The real issue at question is whether sports are affecting the education of students and young adults, who may have carried their sporting career into college. In general, people of all ages spend a lot of time both in person and on TV watching sports, not to mention those who are actively participating in the sporting event. With sports taking up mostRead MoreSports And Sports For Constructive Alternatives1011 Words   |  5 PagesThis March, the Center for Constructive Alternatives series dealt with the topic of Sport and Character. In today’s age, sport and sporting events have becom e pinnacles of American entertainment, money, and paparazzi. One is inundated with constant updates regarding football scores, feuds between athletes, and controversy over refereeing. With sport being such a focus in media and society, it often seems that sport and character are incompatible. Too often one sees an athlete get caught using illegalRead MoreSports Management : Sport Management816 Words   |  4 Pages Sport management Did you know that there is more to sports teams than just scoring goals, touchdowns and runs? Sport management is a field concerning the business and education part of sports and recreation. It includes the front office system in professional sports, college sports, and recreation. Some examples of sport managers are: recreational sport managers, sport marketing, event management, facility management, sport economics, sport finance and sport information. Sport management canRead MoreThe Impact Of Sports On Sports Industry950 Words   |  4 Pagesdefinition of sport industry; the sports industry is a market wherein the products manufactured and offered to its customers are sport, recreation and fitness related and may be activities, amenities or people. Sports we support, follow and play today are part of our day-to-day lives and we forget that over 250 years ago the sports established today did not yet exist and the few that did would be unappealing and unrecognisable to the sports fans of today. Looking back to the history of sports we see aRead MoreSports Media Changing the Sports Industry 648 Words   |  3 Pagesmoments, the impact ESPN has made on sports, sports media and the sports industry as a whole can’t be overlooked. On September 7th 1979 ESPN launched their flagship show, SportsCenter. This moment in sports media history was a game changer for the way fans consume sports. It is amazing that back in 1979, the concept of watching highlights and footage of games when they were happening or just completed was unfathomable for most people. The moment SportsCenter aired, sports marketing and media was alteredRead MoreHbo : Sports And Sports1118 Words   |  5 PagesDocumentary â€Å"Sport in America†. Sports fans have different reasons on why they have a passion for sports. Several fans can remember memorable events in sports history that touched their lives. Fans will laugh and cry when they watch the HBO Documentary â€Å"Sport in America† because they will hear incredible stories that will make them think about why they love sports. Sports Illustrated, Endgame entertainment, and HBO asked Americans why different games and memorable moments in sports touched theirRead MoreSports : The Negative Side Of Youth Sports903 Words   |  4 PagesMany people think that sports help children develop teamwork, self-confidence, moral character, and other personal strength but others see the negative side of youth sports, believing young athletes develop aggressive traits such as bullying and the need to dominate their opponents not just on but off the field as well. Youth sports have become far too intense, especially in contact sports. It is true that participation in youth athletics has a number of benefits such as the building self-confidence

Culture Wars The Struggle to Define America by James...

Abortion, school prayer, gay rights, gun politics and many more are all a part of the list of controversies that divide our country. A culture war is a conflict between groups with different ideals, beliefs, and issues. James Davison Hunter’s book, Culture Wars: The Struggle to Define America, shows that these issues â€Å"are not isolated from one another but are part of a fabric of conflict which constitutes nothing short of a struggle over the meaning of America. Unlike the religious and cultural conflict that historically divided the nation, the contemporary culture war is fought along new and, in many ways, unfamiliar lines† (Hunter). Hunter argued that two definable polarities existed in the major issues of the war. The new shift in†¦show more content†¦The Republican Party think that the Fourteenth Amendment’s protections should apply to unborn children and the unborn child should have the fundamental right to life. However, the Democratic Party strongly disagree with this idea to a fundamental right to life. â€Å"Democrats stand behind the right of every woman to choose. [They] believe it is a constitutional liberty† (Democratic Party Platform). They fully support a woman’s right to make decision regarding her own pregnancy and health. Abortion is a personal decision between a woman and her doctors, therefore it is not a place for the government to get in the way. While the Democratic Party is pro-choice, they believe that abortion should be safe, legal, and rare. These two widely different stances on the issue stem primarily from religious and moral influence. Abortion is not an issue that can be played in the middle. There is one side or the other, and people make their choices based on their morals and religious preferences. The next big issue in the American cultural war is the controversy of whether or not school prayer should take place. The Republican Party supports the idea of voluntary, student-led prayer but not the idea of teacher-led prayers. One of the main focuses is to â€Å"return voluntary school prayer and enforce the Republican legislation that guarantees equal access to school facilities by student religious groups† (Republican Party Platform ). The Democratic Party had a similar

Employment Law The Right of Employee - Get Free Sample

Question: Discuss about the Employment Law In Human Resources? Answer: Essential requirements related to unfair dismissal laws in capability and misconduct issues. Paul was working as a sales assistant for 4 years in a department store based in central London. He was dismissed from the job due to inappropriate behavior in the workplace. He had appeared drunk in the workplace and shouted loudly at his work-colleague in the presence of many customers. When warned about his behavior, Paul was violent in his manner, and punched the floor manager on his jaw. Thus, due to such reasons disciplinary action was taken against him. In the case of departmental stores in London, the below mentioned reasons, are the potential causes for employee dismissal The employer can discontinue the employee contract with or without giving prior notice, as stated in the terms of contract (Dismissing staff - GOV.UK, 2016) b.The employee leaves the brand due to personal reasons by serving a notice period, if the contract states specifically mentions such stipulation. Procedure for a fair dismissal- The ACAS code of conduct determines necessary principles related to employee behavior in the workplace (Boxall 2013). However, it does not specifically mention about procedures related to dismissals on reasonable grounds. A fair procedure is mandatory to dismiss Paul on the grounds of unfair behavior at the work place. The procedures for dismissing an employee on fair grounds include the following. Investigation- Investigation should be made without unreasonable delay, to identify the necessary causes that can lead to employee dismissal. For this purpose, witnesses could be analyzed to get the correct perspective to the incident. A true and fair analysis can be made here Communication to the employee- There should be proper channels of communication between the employer and the employee. Thus, this would assist the employer to clearly state against what parameters his performance would be judged. Jiang et al. (2012) mentioned that Effective communication can play a large extent in resolving issues amicably. Frequent meetings- Management can conduct frequent meeting to understand the issue from the perspective of the employees (Kehoe and Wright 2013.). In addition, reasonable time can be provided to the employee to establish their case. This would ensure that employee can provide valid arguments to support his cause. Determine appropriate action- After examining the situation, the brand needs to determine its response that would be appropriate in the situation. The departmental store must ensure that there are reasonable grounds to sack Paul. Any disciplinary action taken must conform to the regulation as mentioned in the employees contract (Naidu 2012). Opportunity to appeal If the employee believes that any disciplinary action taken cannot be justified, then that person has the right to lodge an appeal (Bratto and Gold, 2012). It is the duty of the concerned authority to appeal to review the appeal, and prepare a fair response. Employees have the right to be physically present at the appeal hearings, to support their arguments. When it becomes difficult to judge a situation, it becomes important to consult past records that refer to employee behavior in the previous organizations Role of employee representative Assisting the management with providing valuable data relate to employee issues and daily business operations, remains the primary responsibility of a employee representative (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). In addition, employee representatives help the management in tackling daily business operational problems. Employee representatives usually operate in businesses, which do not possess a trade union that look into employee welfare matters (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). In the case of the departmental store based in London, the brand can utilize employee representatives to look after the daily problems that might arise in its operations. The general manager of the brand can implement strict disciplinary action against Paul, to prevent such incidents in happening in the future. . Right of employees to be appeal against serious disciplinary issues. According to Naidu (2012), the employee has the full capability and right to appeal against any disciplinary action taken against them. Provisions have to be made for ensuring a fair hearing for each employee appeal. Thus, an employee appeal has to be given considerable attention, so that there are no lapses or fatal errors on the part of the disciplinary authority. There are several risks in contesting Pauls claim for unfair dismissal claims. Firstly, it remains to be confirmed that whether Paul is eligible to claim unfair dismissal. Since, it engaging in violent behavior is a relevant ground for automatic dismissal. Additionally, Paul may have to additional compensation if he loses the case. A court case may lead to his professional record being shown in a negative manner to future employees in the workplace (Boxall 2013). As such, getting jobs in the future may be difficult for him. Getting an out of court settlement may not be appropriate for the departmental store. The store is already in a favorable position against Paul given his wrong behavior in the workplace. An out of court settlement would mean unnecessary expenses for the business. Also it would harm the brand image of the departmental store, if necessary actions cannot be taken against the employee (Ferner et al. 2012).Thus, the departmental store needs to conform employee polices and the job contract to take appropriate measures in such a situation. Polkey rules Dipboye et al. (2013) mentioned that the Polkey rules are an important method to compensate an employee in the case of an unfair discharge from the service. It states that when compensation is paid in an unfair discharge form service case, it is generally classified into two segments- basic and compensatory awards. The basic award depends on the age and the years spent in the organization (Home | Acas, 2016). However, these attributes depend on certain limits and subject to prospective tax deductions. Polkey procedure is the most common compensatory awards given to employees. Mello (2014) stated that it could be applied when an employee is wrongly dismissed due to unfair dismissal procedures adopted against him. Important statutory rights workers posses in the fields of pay, leave and working time Sleep well holdings holds split shifts for workers (four in the morning and four in the evening), since they do not have to commute to work. As such, its staff has the below mentioned rights related to its working hours. Workers are entitled not to work more than 48 hours a week (Jiang et al. 2012).This law is also known as working time directive and working time regulations. There are exceptions to this rule, when the situation demands having a substantial number of staff throughout the day. Thus, staff shifts have to be rotated in an organized manner to ensure effective business operations. Sleepwell holdings can pay its workers in weekly basis or in monthly basis. However, it has to conform to the national minimum wage which states that the minimum pay per hour paid to all categories of workers ( Equal pay - advice and guidance | Acas, 2016). Here, employees have the right to compare their salary with the industry standards, and analyse if there is any differences. Additionally, employees are also entitled to know their structure of pay (Williams and Scott 2013).They should be aware of how their bonuses are made, so they can perform better at the workplace. However, employees have to keep their pay related data confidential, and avoid disclosing it to other people in the organization. The following are leave characteristics which employees of Sleep well holdings have the right to avail. Leave entitlement -All categories of workers have facility of 5.6 weeks paid holiday leaves in a year (Ferner et al. 2012).The employers can have bank holidays as a part of annual statutory leave. Coming to work 5 days a week- Workers working for 5 days a week shall have 28 days annual leave per year. As such, this is measured by multiplying a week (consisting of 5 days) by the annual leave entitlement of 5.6 weeks (Shafritz 2015). Irregular working hour People working in inconsistent shifts are entitlement to claim remuneration for extra working hours. Statutory leave limits As per the act, statutory holiday entitlement is restricted to 28 days a week. As such, staff working 6 days a week can avail 28 days, paid holiday and not 33.6 days a week ((Holiday entitlement - GOV.UK, 2016) Essential characteristics of equal pay The equal pay act law prohibits discrimination in remuneration on the basis of gender (Kehoe and Wright 2013). Here, remuneration consists of salary, incentives and holiday payments. As per the equal pay act, both men and woman must be equally compensated when performing same or co-related work requiring the exact skill or aptitude, and decision making abilities (Stahl et al. 2012). Sleep well holdings is in the process of setting up its business operations in UK for the first time. As such they would require substantial human resources to run their operations smoothly. Gender pay gap is a major issue in the hospitality industry (Bonet et al. 2013). Thus, traditionally women staff are paid much less than the men for delivering equal volume of work, The equal pay act addresses these issues and seeks equal remuneration for both men and woman providing hospitality services to consumers (Riley 2014). Explaining major maternity, paternity and other family friendly employment rights As per the case scenario given in this assignment, it has been observed that Sleepwell Holding is willing to take a chain of motel style operation at UK. That is the reason the company need to recruit more staffs for that particular matter. In the requirement criteria, the company would love to add that the candidates who will be flexible in time would be given special preference (Wedderburn 2009). Moreover, time flexibility is one of the major criteria for this particular job. Therefore, it is clear that in order to work for this particular company, the person should not have any restriction regarding time. Several laws are there in order to defend such kind of rigorous and routine bound criteria thrown on behalf of the employers. Women employees are possessed with the maternity rights since many years. From the year 2003, fathers also got facilitated with the paternity rights so that they can also receive paternity leave as well as adoption leave. Maternity and paternity right ensures that if one particular female employee or a male employee is going to become a mother or a father those persons have complete right to take a long leave. In addition, company can never force them to become flexible in time (Pouliakas 2010). This right is strictly applicable for the female employees specially. Therefore, the company has to become liberal in those cases if they want to avoid legal issues. These kinds of legislations are found to be consolidated with Employment Right Act in the year 1966, Employment Relation Act in the year 1999, the employment act in the year 2002 and finally Work and famil ies act in the year 2006. With the help of these legislations, parents can receive enough opportunities from the employers of their com Only leave for fifty-two weeks is not only the opportunity and facility that a father or a mother gets while giving the birth of their child. With the help of this particular legislation employees get 90% SMP leave. Permanent employees have every right to get a paternity leave when their child is born (Napier 2008). If any case the employees have been appointed for a contractual basis or for a short time basis, this person may not be allowed to go for a paternity leave. Therefore, in this particular case scenario, it has been observed that Sleepwell Holding has searched for those kinds of employees who are very much flexible in time. If any situation, the company tend to force any particular pregnant female employee for being flexible in time, she has hundred percent right to take an immediate step legally with the help of those legislations that are mentioned above. Describing how to manage change and reorganization lawfully In order to make any change inside the organization, the human resource management of a particular division has to be very much correct from the perspective of law so that the organization does not have to face any kind of legal issues complained by staffs or any other else. As per the case scenario given in this assignment, it has been observed that Airport cleansing has been planned to be contracted out of the private sector. For that reason, the new employers decided to cut down almost two hundred and fifty employees. Those employees had been attached with the organization for several years. In this situation, as responsible human resource manager, I have been told to convince those new employers so that the staffs do not have to suffer for any kind of reorganization in the business process. Different kinds of laws are available that would support the existing employees in order to remain on the early contract. How the contracts can be changed lawfully In this particular part, the importance of law on varying contracts has been discussed. Law on varying contracts implies that before implementing a contract, the consultation and the agreement should be executed from both parties (Bacon 2011).. The decision that would be taken before making the project would have to be collective. Employees have complete right to stick to their existing contract (Forray 2013). The way of agreement with the employees before launching the contract is s follows: Making a negotiation with the employees Clarifying in detail about the reason of changes Providing priorities to the options given by the employees. If the employers fail to convince the employees in order to agree in the new contract, the employers do not have any right to force any employees for being convinced in the new contract (Grundmann 2011). If the procedure of consultation fails, the employers should terminate the existing contract of employment. In this case, the employers have to follow several factors such as: The reasons for the dismissal of the proposal should be highlighted in the letter One copy should be provided to the employees They have to be invited for attending in a meeting in order to discuss the matter in detail. In this particular scenario, it has been mentioned that in the year 2008, airport rendered a new contract with the help of which the employees could be highly benefited. It has been observed that sixteen employees due to some personal reason refused that contract and they are still sticking as the serving staff on 2008 contracts (Grundmann and Ochmann 2009). Therefore, varying contract allows the employees to deny the new contracts that are about to launch. Primary requirements of redundancy law Redundancy law implies that if the organization makes dismissal to the employees, a valid reason should be provided along with it. Moreover, the employees need to given redundancy pay as well (Hesselink 2015). The necessary requirements of redundancy law are as follows: Employees have to give a valid reason for the redundancy. In addition, they have to pay alternative options of employment so that this particular employee has to struggle later on because of this dismissal. After giving the notice of termination of employment, employers have to provide a sufficient time scale (Charles 2011). This particular time scale needs to be more than twenty hours to take the final decision. Transferor needs to get the redundancy payment for the further progress. Redundancy payment signifies when a particular employee is being terminated, the company needs to compensate by proving the employee a certain amount of money. Redundancy pay is generally of two kinds (Lion 2010). Statutory: Statutory redundancy pay has been set with the help of law. If any company ignores to provide any redundancy pay to these particular employees, this individual can take the help of redundancy law in order to get money that this particular individual actually deserves. Contractual: This particular system implies that employees would get the redundancy pay only when the organization where this individual works has that facility of redundancy (Napier 2008). Otherwise, the company would not be responsible for any kind to compensation. Explaining the requirement of law for business transfer In case of business transfer, the employees have been fallen under the category of Transfer of undertaking (protection of employment) regulation that is popularly known as TUPE. The application of this particular regulation has been launched in UK. TUPE ensures if a business organization intends to transfer their business in another country, the ownership ha s to be in the same country (Robertshaw 2012). For an example, if the organization of UK decides to change their ownership, the owner must have to be from UK so that the employees do not have to suffer for the reorganization of their business. The necessary requirements of TUPE are as follows: When an organization tends to change their ownership, this particular company needs to make an effective consultation with the employees. The employees should be aware of the terms and conditions of the new owners because the change of ownership means the implementation of new regulations of the company (Sutherland 2010). That is the reason; the representatives of the new companies should make a clear discussion with the employees so that they do not have any kind of ambiguity regarding the job profile at their workplace. Employees should have a clear knowledge whether this owner would be going to provide any redundant pay if they have been terminated under any circumstances. Under the progress of TUPE, two types of business transfer include business transfer and service provision changes. Business transfer: Business transfer signifies that a particular business or a part of business has been transferred from one employer to the different employer. Service provision changes: Service provision change signifies that a particular service has been awarded to the contractor such as cleansing. TUPE cannot protect every employee in all cases. Only those employees who are dedicated enough to provide effective service to the customers have been kept in the category of transfer for undertaking. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bacon, C. 2011. Principles of European Insurance Contract Law. 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